ArticlePloS one2012
Characteristics of plasmids in multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated during prospective surveillance of a newly opened hospital in Iraq.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic basis of I-complex plasmid stability and conjugation.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Bacteria and antimicrobial resistance profile during the composting process of wastes from animal production.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of invasiveSAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Submarine Outfalls of Treated Wastewater Effluents are Sources of Extensively- and Multidrug-Resistant KPC- and OXA-48-ProducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
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- Healthcare-associated infections: bacteriological characterization of the hospital surfaces in the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/so-ava in South Benin (West Africa).BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Understanding the Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in the Middle East Using a One Health Approach.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Characterization and Bio-Typing of Multidrug Resistance Plasmids From UropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Clonal diversity and genetic profiling of antibiotic resistance among multidrug/carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Article
- Fate and removal of various antibiotic resistance genes in typical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment systems.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant in Antibiotic-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Multidrug-resistant phenotype and isolation of a novel SHV- beta-Lactamase variant in a clinical isolate of Enterobacter cloacae.Journal of biomedical science · 2015Article
- Origin and proliferation of multiple-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2015Review
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- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are major causes of nosocomial infections, and antibiotic resistance in these organisms is often plasmid mediated. Data are scarce pertaining to molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in resource constrained areas such as Iraq. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsIn this study, all MDR Enterobacteriaceae (n = 38) and randomly selected non-MDR counterparts (n = 41) isolated from patients, healthcare workers and environmental surfaces in a newly opened hospital in Iraq were investigated to characterize plasmids found in these isolates and determine their contribution to antibiotic resistance. Our results demonstrated that MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates harbored significantly more (≥ 3) plasmids compared to their non-MDR counterparts, which carried ≤ 2 plasmids (p<0.01). Various large plasmids (~52 to 100 kb) from representative isolates were confirmed to contain multiple resistance genes by DNA microarray analysis. Aminoglycoside (acc, aadA, aph, strA/B, and ksgA), β-lactam (bla(TEM1), bla(AMPC), bla(CTX-M-15), bla(OXA-1), bla(VIM-2) and bla(SHV)), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sul/dfr), tetracycline (tet) and chloramphenicol (cat) resistance genes were detected on these plasmids. Additionally, multiple plasmids carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes were found in the same host strain. Genetic transfer-associated genes were identified on the plasmids from both MDR and non-MDR isolates. Seven plasmid replicon types (FII, FIA, FIB, B/O, K, I1 and N) were detected in the isolates, while globally disseminated IncA/C and IncHI1 plasmids were not detected in these isolates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report of the characteristics of the plasmids found in Enterobacteriaceae isolated following the opening of a new hospital in Iraq. The information provided here furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance in this specific region and their evolutionary relationship with other parts of world. The large plasmids, carrying resistance genes and transfer-associated genes, may be potential factors for regional dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
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