Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22808075›Full record

ArticlePloS one2012

Using rule-based machine learning for candidate disease gene prioritization and sample classification of cancer gene expression data.

Enrico Glaab, Jaume Bacardit, Jonathan M Garibaldi, Natalio Krasnogor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Core Perturbomes ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  18. Review
  19. Machine Learning Methods as a Tool for Predicting Risk of Illness Applying Next-Generation Sequencing Data.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2019
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Enrico GlaabInterdisciplinary Computing and Complex Systems Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Jaume Bacardit
Jonathan M Garibaldi
Natalio Krasnogor

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F01855X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microarray data analysis has been shown to provide an effective tool for studying cancer and genetic diseases. Although classical machine learning techniques have successfully been applied to find informative genes and to predict class labels for new samples, common restrictions of microarray analysis such as small sample sizes, a large attribute space and high noise levels still limit its scientific and clinical applications. Increasing the interpretability of prediction models while retaining a high accuracy would help to exploit the information content in microarray data more effectively. For this purpose, we evaluate our rule-based evolutionary machine learning systems, BioHEL and GAssist, on three public microarray cancer datasets, obtaining simple rule-based models for sample classification. A comparison with other benchmark microarray sample classifiers based on three diverse feature selection algorithms suggests that these evolutionary learning techniques can compete with state-of-the-art methods like support vector machines. The obtained models reach accuracies above 90% in two-level external cross-validation, with the added value of facilitating interpretation by using only combinations of simple if-then-else rules. As a further benefit, a literature mining analysis reveals that prioritizations of informative genes extracted from BioHEL's classification rule sets can outperform gene rankings obtained from a conventional ensemble feature selection in terms of the pointwise mutual information between relevant disease terms and the standardized names of top-ranked genes.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticAlgorithmsBreast NeoplasmsDatabases, GeneticFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHumansLymphomaMaleNeoplasm ProteinsOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisProstatic NeoplasmsNeoplasm Proteins

Identifiers

PMID22808075
PMCPMC3394775

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.