ReviewPLoS medicine2012
HIV treatment as prevention: considerations in the design, conduct, and analysis of cluster randomized controlled trials of combination HIV prevention.
Review in PLoS medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mathematical models used to inform study design or surveillance systems in infectious diseases: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Pooled it
- HIV treatment as prevention: optimising the impact of expanded HIV treatment programmes.PLoS medicine · 2012Pooled it
- Trial
- Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission.The New England journal of medicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Framework for converting mechanistic network models to probabilistic models.Journal of complex networks · 2023Article
- A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2022Article
- Bayesian validation framework for dynamic epidemic models.Epidemics · 2021Article
- PopART-IBM, a highly efficient stochastic individual-based simulation model of generalised HIV epidemics developed in the context of the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Decisions of persons, the pharmaceutical industry, and donors in disease contraction and recovery assuming virus mutation.Health economics review · 2021Article
- Article
- Virological Non-suppression and Its Correlates Among Adolescents and Young People Living with HIV in Southern Malawi.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- An Innovative Study Design to Assess the Community Effect of Interventions to Mitigate HIV Epidemics Using Transmission-Chain Phylodynamics.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Modelling the impact of a national scale-up of interventions on hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs in Scotland.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Incidence rate estimation, periodic testing and the limitations of the mid-point imputation approach.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Inference on network statistics by restricting to the network space: applications to sexual history data.Statistics in medicine · 2018Article
- Comparative assessment of five trials of universal HIV testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- Policy makers, the international community and the population in the prevention and treatment of diseases: case study on HIV/AIDS.Health economics review · 2017Article
- Displacement of sexual partnerships in trials of sexual behavior interventions: A model-based assessment of consequences.Epidemics · 2017Article
- Intra-Cluster Correlation Estimates for HIV-related Outcomes from Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The rigorous evaluation of the impact of combination HIV prevention packages at the population level will be critical for the future of HIV prevention. In this review, we discuss important considerations for the design and interpretation of cluster randomized controlled trials (C-RCTs) of combination prevention interventions. We focus on three large C-RCTs that will start soon and are designed to test the hypothesis that combination prevention packages, including expanded access to antiretroviral therapy, can substantially reduce HIV incidence. Using a general framework to integrate mathematical modelling analysis into the design, conduct, and analysis of C-RCTs will complement traditional statistical analyses and strengthen the evaluation of the interventions. Importantly, even with combination interventions, it may be challenging to substantially reduce HIV incidence over the 2- to 3-y duration of a C-RCT, unless interventions are scaled up rapidly and key populations are reached. Thus, we propose the innovative use of mathematical modelling to conduct interim analyses, when interim HIV incidence data are not available, to allow the ongoing trials to be modified or adapted to reduce the likelihood of inconclusive outcomes. The preplanned, interactive use of mathematical models during C-RCTs will also provide a valuable opportunity to validate and refine model projections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.