ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2012
Long-term exposure to oral methylphenidate or dl-amphetamine mixture in peri-adolescent rhesus monkeys: effects on physiology, behavior, and dopamine system development.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of methylphenidate intake on brain structure in adults with ADHD in a placebo-controlled randomized trial.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2016Trial
- Loss of neuronal population organization links pathology to behavior in a model of Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The role of sex and drug use during adolescence in determining the risk for adverse consequences of amphetamines.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Amphetamine disrupts dopamine axon growth in adolescence by a sex-specific mechanism in mice.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Methylphenidate as a causal test of translational and basic neural coding hypotheses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Elucidation of the Central Serotonin Metabolism Pathway in Rhesus Macaques (Comparative medicine · 2021Article
- Exposure to methylphenidate during peri-adolescence decouples the prefrontal cortex: a multimodal MRI study.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways Across Adolescence: Diversity in Development.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Review
- AMPed-up adolescents: The role of age in the abuse of amphetamines and its consequences on cognition and prefrontal cortex development.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Review
- D-Amphetamine Exposure Differentially Disrupts Signaling Across Ontogeny in the Zebrafish.Bioelectricity · 2019Article
- d-Amphetamine and methylmercury exposure during adolescence alters sensitivity to monoamine uptake inhibitors in adult mice.Neurotoxicology · 2019Article
- Changes in Endogenous Dopamine Induced by Methylphenidate Predict Functional Connectivity in Nonhuman Primates.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Duration of Pediatric Clinical Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration.JAMA pediatrics · 2019Review
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of d-amphetamine in an attention task in rodents.Behavioural pharmacology · 2018Article
- Time-shifting effects of methylphenidate on daily rhythms in the diurnal rodent Arvicanthis ansorgei.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2017Review
- Effects of adolescent exposure to methylmercury and d-amphetamine on reversal learning and an extradimensional shift in male mice.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Timing of amphetamine exposure in relation to puberty onset determines its effects on anhedonia, exploratory behavior, and dopamine DNeuroscience · 2016Article
- Regulation of emotional response in juvenile monkeys treated with fluoxetine: MAOA interactions.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Neural correlates of working memory development in adolescent primates.Nature communications · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issuedKumar, Anil [added]
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are used to treat children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder over important developmental periods, prompting concerns regarding possible long-term health impact. This study assessed the effects of such a regimen in male, peri-adolescent rhesus monkeys on a variety of cognitive/behavioral, physiological, and in vivo neurochemical imaging parameters. Twice daily (0900 and 1200 hours), for a total of 18 months, juvenile male monkeys (8 per group) consumed either an unadulterated orange-flavored solution, a methylphenidate solution, or a dl-amphetamine mixture. Doses were titrated to reach blood/plasma levels comparable to therapeutic levels in children. [¹¹C]MPH and [¹¹C]raclopride dynamic PET scans were performed to image dopamine transporter and D₂-like receptors, respectively. Binding potential (BP(ND)), an index of tracer-specific binding, and amphetamine-induced changes in BP(ND) of [¹¹C]raclopride were estimated by kinetic modeling. There were no consistent differences among groups on the vast majority of measures, including cognitive (psychomotor speed, timing, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility), general activity, physiological (body weight, head circumference, crown-to-rump length), and neurochemical (ie, developmental changes in dopamine transporter, dopamine D₂ receptor density, and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release were as expected). Cytogenetic studies indicated that neither drug was a clastogen in rhesus monkeys. Thus, methylphenidate and amphetamine at therapeutic blood/plasma levels during peri-adolescence in non-human primates have little effect on physiological or behavioral/cognitive development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.