SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Prospective study of restless legs syndrome and risk of depression in women.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global and regional prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults: A systematic review and modelling analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Is Restless Legs Syndrome Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality? A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Pooled it
- Restless legs syndrome without insomnia and antenatal depressive symptoms.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Effect of long-term supplementation with folic acid and B vitamins on risk of depression in older women.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2015Trial
- Total Sugars Misreporting in Self-Reported 24-Hour Recalls in the Study of Latinos: Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Restless Legs Syndrome: A Network Model of Iron-Dependent Neuromodulation-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of emotional dysregulation in patients with restless legs syndrome.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2023Article
- Characterizing longitudinal change in accelerometry-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and the Framingham Heart Study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic low back pain.British journal of pain · 2023Article
- Shift work, clinically significant sleep disorders and mental health in a representative, cross-sectional sample of young working adults.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The relationship between sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and cognitive function with restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the elderly.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- Genetic evidence for a potential causal relationship between insomnia symptoms and suicidal behavior: a Mendelian randomization study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Restless legs syndrome severity in the National RLS Opioid Registry during the COVID-19 pandemic.Sleep medicine · 2022Observational
- Correlation between vitamin D and poor sleep status in restless legs syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility preferences in the United States: an exploratory study.Fertility and sterility · 2021Article
- Association between leg motor restlessness and depression among Chinese males living at high-altitude: the mediating role of insomnia.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Article
- New onset of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy in a prospective multiracial cohort: Incidence and risk factors.Neurology · 2020Article
- Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy and 12 Weeks Postpartum and its Links to Cardiovascular Diseases, Stressful Life Events, and Psychiatric History.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Association of Restless Legs Syndrome With Risk of Suicide and Self-harm.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Prospective study of restless legs syndrome and total and cardiovascular mortality among women.Neurology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Most research on the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and depression has involved cross-sectional data. The objective of the present study was to evaluate this issue prospectively among Nurses' Health Study participants. A total of 56,399 women (mean age = 68 years) who were free of depression symptoms at baseline (2002) were followed until 2008. Physician-diagnosed RLS was self-reported. During 300,155 person-years of follow-up, the authors identified 1,268 incident cases of clinical depression (regular use of antidepressant medication and physician-diagnosed depression). Women with RLS at baseline were more likely to develop clinical depression (multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.1; P = 0.02) than those without RLS. The presence of RLS at baseline was also associated with higher scores on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) thereafter. Multivariable-adjusted mean differences were 1.00 (standard error, 0.12) for CESD-10 score and 0.47 (standard error, 0.07) for GDS-15 score between women with RLS and those without RLS (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, women with physician-diagnosed RLS had an increased risk of developing clinical depression and clinically relevant depression symptoms. Further prospective studies using refined approaches to ascertainment of RLS and depression are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.