ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2013
Validity of clinical case definitions for influenza surveillance among hospitalized patients: results from a rural community in North India.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Definitions in Hospitalized Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment.Population health metrics · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of COVID-19 and Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Case Definitions in a Prospective Cohort of Healthcare Personnel in Peru.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Respiratory Hospitalizations and Outcomes in Colorado Adults ≥50 Years of Age: 2016-2023.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of cocoon strategy vaccination on prevention of influenza-like illness in young infants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Performance of Symptom-Based Case Definitions to Identify Influenza Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Middle-Income Countries: Findings From the Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Recommendations for respiratory syncytial virus surveillance at the national level.The European respiratory journal · 2021Article
- Performance of case definitions and clinical predictors for influenza surveillance among patients followed in a rural cohort in Senegal.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Etiologies of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and misdiagnosis of influenza in Indonesia, 2013-2016.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- The Burden of Respiratory Viruses and Their Prevalence in Different Geographical Regions of India: 1970-2020.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Usefulness of Clinical Definitions of Influenza for Public Health Surveillance Purposes.Viruses · 2020Article
- Assessment and Validation of Syndromic Case Definitions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Testing in a Low Resource Population.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- Article
- The burden of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations in Bhutan, 2015-2016.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Article
- Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2018Article
- Cost of Treatment of Febrile Acute Respiratory Infection (FARI) Among Under-Five Children Attending Health Facilities of Ballabgarh, Haryana.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2017Article
- Performance of influenza case definitions for influenza community surveillance: based on the French influenza surveillance network GROG, 2009-2014.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017Article
- Influenza-like illness in an urban community of Salvador, Brazil: incidence, seasonality and risk factors.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Evaluation of case definitions for estimation of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations among children in a rural community of northern India.Journal of global health · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
objectiveClinical case definitions used for influenza surveillance among hospitalized patients vary and need systematic evaluation. DESIGN, SETTING AND SAMPLE: During July 2009-August 2011, we collected clinical data and specimens (nasal and throat swabs) from rural patients hospitalized for acute medical illnesses. Specimens were tested by rRT-PCR for influenza viruses.
main outcome measuresCase definitions evaluated the following: influenza-like illness (ILI: measured fever plus cough or sore throat); severe acute respiratory illness (SARI: ILI with difficulty breathing in ≥5 years, Integrated Management of Childhood Illness-defined pneumonia or severe pneumonia, or physician diagnosed lower respiratory infection in <5 years); acute respiratory infection (ARI: ≥1 of cough, nasal discharge, difficulty breathing or sore throat); febrile acute respiratory illness (FARI: fever plus either cough, sore throat, runny nose, difficulty breathing, or earache). Variants that included "reported fever" and additional sign-symptom combinations were also evaluated.
resultsWe enrolled 1043 hospitalized patients, including 257 children <5 years of age (range 1 day-86 years). Seventy-four patients tested influenza virus positive (including 28 A(H1N1)pdm09). Sensitivity(95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) for influenza infection were 78% (67-87) and 60% (57-63) for ILI (measured/reported fever); 37% (26-49) and 78% (75-80) for SARI (measured/reported fever); 82% (72-90) and 57% (54-60) for FARI (measured/reported fever); 88% (78-94) and 45% (42-49) for ARI; and 74% (63-84) and 61% (58-64) for measured/reported fever plus cough. Case definitions including only measured fever had lower sensitivity.
conclusionILI and FARI with measured/reported fever provided good balance between sensitivity and specificity among hospitalized patients. The simpler case definition of measured/reported fever plus cough is suited for field surveillance.
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