ArticleJournal of forensic sciences2012
Increased heat shock protein 70 gene expression in the brains of cocaine-related fatalities may be reflective of postdrug survival and intervention rather than excited delirium.
Article in Journal of forensic sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidents of sudden death during restraint of agitated individuals in Sweden between 1992 and 2024.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Forensic neuropathology in the past decade: a scoping literature review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Identification of Functional CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Neurons of Patients With Cocaine Use Disorder.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- Mini Review: The Forensic Value of Heat Shock Proteins.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Molecular windows into the human brain for psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Review
- Electrical weapons and excited delirium: shocks, stress, and serum serotonin.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2018Article
- Identification of long noncoding RNAs dysregulated in the midbrain of human cocaine abusers.Journal of neurochemistry · 2015Article
- Article
- A molecular profile of cocaine abuse includes the differential expression of genes that regulate transcription, chromatin, and dopamine cell phenotype.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The syndrome of excited delirium.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2014Review
- Neuropathology of substance use disorders.Acta neuropathologica · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cocaine-related fatalities can pose forensic challenges, particularly when accompanied by excited delirium (ED) syndrome and interventions by law enforcement and medical personnel. A recent report concluded that elevated heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in autopsy brain samples constitutes a reliable forensic biomarker for the identification of ED as a cause of death. The present study quantified the abundance of both HSPA1A and HSPA1B gene (HSP70-encoding) transcripts in midbrain specimens from a series of cocaine-related fatalities and matched drug-free control subjects. HSP70 expression was increased significantly in cocaine abusers as a group compared to control subjects, irrespective of the presence or absence of ED. Furthermore, elevated HSP70 expression was predictive of a period of survival between cocaine use and death that included medical and/or police intervention. The present data do not support the assertion that HSP70 expression is a reliable brain biomarker for identifying ED as a cause of death.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.