ArticlePloS one2012
Characterization of neurophysiologic and neurocognitive biomarkers for use in genomic and clinical outcome studies of schizophrenia.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HTNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Prepulse inhibition deficit as a transdiagnostic process in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Sensorimotor Gating Deficits in Patients With Schizophrenia Evaluated by Prepulse Inhibition Test.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2020Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of mismatch negativity to simple versus complex deviants in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2018Pooled it
- Heritability of Neuropsychological Measures in Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Mismatch Negativity in Schizophrenia: From Clinical Risk to Disease Specificity and Progression.Biological psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Reliability of mismatch negativity event-related potentials in a multisite, traveling subjects study.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Trial
- Oscillatory biomarkers of early auditory information processing predict cognitive gains following targeted cognitive training in schizophrenia patients.Schizophrenia research · 2020Trial
- Effects of clonidine on MMN and P3a amplitude in schizophrenia patients on stable medication.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Neurophysiologic measures of target engagement predict response to auditory-based cognitive training in treatment refractory schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the auditory mismatch negativity response and working memory performance in schizophrenia: a pilot study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2017Trial
- Neurophysiological Effects of Bitopertin in Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Neurophysiological mechanisms of cortical plasticity impairments in schizophrenia and modulation by the NMDA receptor agonist D-serine.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2016Trial
- Oscillatory underpinnings of mismatch negativity and their relationship with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Features of mismatch negativity in an at-risk mental state with the traits associated with the autistic spectrum.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Differing Pattern of Mismatch Negativity Responses in Clinical and Nonclinical Voice Hearers Challenge Predictive Coding Accounts of Psychosis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Striatal Functional Hypoconnectivity in Patients With Schizophrenia Suffering From Negative Symptoms, Longitudinal Findings.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as a Pharmacodynamic/Response Biomarker for NMDA Receptor and Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance-Targeted Treatments in Schizophrenia.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEndophenotypes are quantitative, laboratory-based measures representing intermediate links in the pathways between genetic variation and the clinical expression of a disorder. Ideal endophenotypes exhibit deficits in patients, are stable over time and across shifts in psychopathology, and are suitable for repeat testing. Unfortunately, many leading candidate endophenotypes in schizophrenia have not been fully characterized simultaneously in large cohorts of patients and controls across these properties. The objectives of this study were to characterize the extent to which widely-used neurophysiological and neurocognitive endophenotypes are: 1) associated with schizophrenia, 2) stable over time, independent of state-related changes, and 3) free of potential practice/maturation or differential attrition effects in schizophrenia patients (SZ) and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (NCS). Stability of clinical and functional measures was also assessed.
methodsParticipants (SZ n = 341; NCS n = 205) completed a battery of neurophysiological (MMN, P3a, P50 and N100 indices, PPI, startle habituation, antisaccade), neurocognitive (WRAT-3 Reading, LNS-forward, LNS-reorder, WCST-64, CVLT-II). In addition, patients were rated on clinical symptom severity as well as functional capacity and status measures (GAF, UPSA, SOF). 223 subjects (SZ n = 163; NCS n = 58) returned for retesting after 1 year.
resultsMost neurophysiological and neurocognitive measures exhibited medium-to-large deficits in schizophrenia, moderate-to-substantial stability across the retest interval, and were independent of fluctuations in clinical status. Clinical symptoms and functional measures also exhibited substantial stability. A Longitudinal Endophenotype Ranking System (LERS) was created to rank neurophysiological and neurocognitive biomarkers according to their effect sizes across endophenotype criteria.
conclusionsThe majority of neurophysiological and neurocognitive measures exhibited deficits in patients, stability over a 1-year interval and did not demonstrate practice or time effects supporting their use as endophenotypes in neural substrate and genomic studies. These measures hold promise for informing the "gene-to-phene gap" in schizophrenia research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.