ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Gain and loss of multiple functionally related, horizontally transferred genes in the reduced genomes of two microsporidian parasites.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
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- From fragmentation to resolution: high-fidelity genome assembly of zancudomyces culisetae through comparative insights from PacBio, Nanopore, and Illumina sequencing.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics analysis of the Microsporidia sp. MB genome: a malaria transmission-blocking symbiont of the Anopheles arabiensis mosquito.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- MicroAnnot: A Dedicated Workflow for Accurate Microsporidian Genome Annotation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biogenesis, inheritance, and 3D ultrastructure of the microsporidian mitosome.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Molecular and cellular characterization of four putative nucleotide transporters from the shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fungal taxonomy: A puzzle with many missing piecesBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2023Article
- Telomere-to-Telomere genome assemblies of human-infecting Encephalitozoon species.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Structural and Functional Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins from the Microsporidia SpeciesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Heterologous Expressed NbSWP12 from MicrosporidiaJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Identification and Characterization of Three Spore Wall Proteins ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Impact of Genome Reduction in Microsporidia.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2022Article
- Comparative Genomics of Microsporidia.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2022Article
- Identification and subcellular localization analysis of membrane protein Ycf 1 in the microsporidianPeerJ · 2022Article
- Current Therapy and Therapeutic Targets for Microsporidiosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Genome and Evolutionary Analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Microsporidia with Vertical Transmission Were Likely Shaped by Nonadaptive Processes.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Advances in understanding the evolution of fungal genome architecture.F1000Research · 2020Review
- Transposable element abundance correlates with mode of transmission in microsporidian parasites.Mobile DNA · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Microsporidia of the genus Encephalitozoon are widespread pathogens of animals that harbor the smallest known nuclear genomes. Complete sequences from Encephalitozoon intestinalis (2.3 Mbp) and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (2.9 Mbp) revealed massive gene losses and reduction of intergenic regions as factors leading to their drastically reduced genome size. However, microsporidian genomes also have gained genes through horizontal gene transfers (HGT), a process that could allow the parasites to exploit their hosts more fully. Here, we describe the complete sequences of two intermediate-sized genomes (2.5 Mbp), from Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon romaleae. Overall, the E. hellem and E. romaleae genomes are strikingly similar to those of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in both form and content. However, in addition to the expected expansions and contractions of known gene families in subtelomeric regions, both species also were found to harbor a number of protein-coding genes that are not found in any other microsporidian. All these genes are functionally related to the metabolism of folate and purines but appear to have originated by several independent HGT events from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic donors. Surprisingly, the genes are all intact in E. hellem, but in E. romaleae those involved in de novo synthesis of folate are all pseudogenes. Overall, these data suggest that a recent common ancestor of E. hellem and E. romaleae assembled a complete metabolic pathway from multiple independent HGT events and that one descendent already is dispensing with much of this new functionality, highlighting the transient nature of transferred genes.
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