ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Modeling an autism risk factor in mice leads to permanent immune dysregulation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 203 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
203 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 341 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aberrant IL-17 Levels in Rodent Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Blood transcriptomic comparison of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder: A combined-samples mega-analysis.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2017Pooled it
- Cytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A population and family-based case-control study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Trial
- The Autism Spectrum Disorders Stem Cell Resource at Children's Hospital of Orange County: Implications for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery.Stem cells translational medicine · 2014Trial
- Dynamic neuro-immune regulation of psychiatric risk loci in human neurons.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Gut-Derived Metabolic Imbalance in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Toward the Concept of a Metabolic Subtype.Nutrients · 2026Review
- A "personality test" for rats reveals subtle but distinct effects of sex and early life inflammation on brain and behavior.Behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Effects of combined prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress on immune and dopaminergic gene expression in the gut-brain axis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Prenatal Interferon-Alpha Exposure Induces Autism-Like Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Alterations in Male Offspring.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immune profiling shows limited systemic changes in children with autism after autologous cord blood transfusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Characterizing immune activation in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants in the first year of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- IL-6 Inhibition Partially Ameliorates Maternal Immune Activation-Induced Autism-Like Behavioral Abnormalities in Mice.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Adverse gestational environment configures a subpopulation of ventral dentate granule cells for recruitment to drive innate anxiety.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial DNA and Immune Response: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Interleukin-6 produces behavioral deficits in pre-pubescent mice independent of neuroinflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as immune dysregulation is observed in the brain, periphery, and gastrointestinal tract of ASD individuals. Furthermore, maternal infection (maternal immune activation, MIA) is a risk factor for ASD. Modeling this risk factor in mice yields offspring with the cardinal behavioral and neuropathological symptoms of human ASD. In this study, we find that offspring of immune-activated mothers display altered immune profiles and function, characterized by a systemic deficit in CD4(+) TCRβ(+) Foxp3(+) CD25(+) T regulatory cells, increased IL-6 and IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells, and elevated levels of peripheral Gr-1(+) cells. In addition, hematopoietic stem cells from MIA offspring exhibit altered myeloid lineage potential and differentiation. Interestingly, repopulating irradiated control mice with bone marrow derived from MIA offspring does not confer MIA-related immunological deficits, implicating the peripheral environmental context in long-term programming of immune dysfunction. Furthermore, behaviorally abnormal MIA offspring that have been irradiated and transplanted with immunologically normal bone marrow from either MIA or control offspring no longer exhibit deficits in stereotyped/repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors, suggesting that immune abnormalities in MIA offspring can contribute to ASD-related behaviors. These studies support a link between cellular immune dysregulation and ASD-related behavioral deficits in a mouse model of an autism risk factor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.