ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2012
New insights into mechanisms of therapeutic effects of antimalarial agents in SLE.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic Treatment Strategies for Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis in the Setting of ANA Positivity or Lupus Spectrum Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Antimalarials may reduce cancer risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Annals of medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease.BMC nephrology · 2019Guideline
- Hydroxychloroquine safety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Trial
- Virtual Screening Approaches Towards the Discovery of Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Antagonists for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis During COVID Infection.Current rheumatology reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond conventional treatment: Novel cell therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Impact of NSAIDs corticosteroids DMARDs biologics and their comparisons with natural products in C-reactive proteins (CRP) linked cardiovascular disorders.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Young Female With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Kidney disease and reproductive health.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Risk of cancer and conventional syntethic DMARDS: A narrative review.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2025Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Dose and Hospitalizations for Active Lupus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Treating Cardiovascular Disease in the Inflammatory Setting of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Ongoing Challenge.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Identification of the potential TLR7 antagonists by virtual screening and experimental validation.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy and Its Subtypes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Development of American College of Rheumatology Quality Measures for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Modified Delphi Process With Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry Data Review.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- The effect of oral hydroxychloroquine on chondral defect: An experimental study.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2023Article
- Immune Phenotype as a Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2023Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimalarial agents have routinely been used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for over 50 years. These agents continue to enjoy success as the initial pharmacotherapy for SLE even in the era of targeted therapies. Antimalarial agents have numerous biological effects that are responsible for their immunomodulatory actions in SLE. Their inhibitory effect on Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of the innate immune response is perhaps the most important discovery regarding their putative mechanism of action, but some other, previously known properties, such as antithrombotic and antilipidaemic effects, are now explained by new research. In the 1980s and 1990s, these antihyperlipidaemic and antithrombotic effects were demonstrated in retrospective clinical studies, and over the past few years prospective studies have confirmed those findings. Knowledge about the risk-benefit profile of antimalarial agents during pregnancy and lactation has evolved, as has the concept of retinal toxicity. Antimalarial agents have unique disease-modifying properties in SLE and newer iterations of this class of anti-inflammatory agents will have a profound effect upon the treatment of autoimmune disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.