ArticleNucleic acids research2012
Efficient deamination of 5-methylcytosines in DNA by human APOBEC3A, but not by AID or APOBEC3G.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Cytosine base editor-DNA binding domain fusions for editing window modulation in the RNP format.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- The interplay between driver mutation and oxidative stress in colorectal cancer: from pathogenesis to therapeutics.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- APOBEC3A drives ovarian cancer metastasis by altering epithelial-mesenchymal transition.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Mutation Rate Variation and Other Challenges in 2-LTR Dating of Primate Endogenous Retrovirus Integrations.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- DNA-binding proteins from MBD through ZF to BEN: recognition of cytosine methylation status by one arginine with two conformations.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Pan-cancer analysis of the interplay between mutational signatures and cellular signaling.iScience · 2024Article
- Cytidine deaminases APOBEC3C and APOBEC3D promote DNA replication stress resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.Nature cancer · 2024Article
- Modular cytosine base editing promotes epigenomic and genomic modifications.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Review
- Evaluation of Clinical and Immunological Alterations Associated with ICF Syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Regulatory factor X1 induces macrophage M1 polarization by promoting DNA demethylation in autoimmune inflammation.JCI insight · 2023Article
- APOBEC3A Catalytic Inactivity Mutation Induces Tertiary Structure Destabilization.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2023Article
- The off-target effects of AID in carcinogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Structural basis for cell type specific DNA binding of C/EBPβ: The case of cell cycle inhibitor p15INK4b promoter.Journal of structural biology · 2022Article
- Genome-wide mapping ofChemical science · 2022Article
- Prospectively defined patterns of APOBEC3A mutagenesis are prevalent in human cancers.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Single-stranded DNA binding proteins influence APOBEC3A substrate preference.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Preferential CEBP binding to T:G mismatches and increased C-to-T human somatic mutations.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The AID/APOBEC family of enzymes in higher vertebrates converts cytosines in DNA or RNA to uracil. They play a role in antibody maturation and innate immunity against viruses, and have also been implicated in the demethylation of DNA during early embryogenesis. This is based in part on reported ability of activation-induced deaminase (AID) to deaminate 5-methylcytosines (5mC) to thymine. We have reexamined this possibility for AID and two members of human APOBEC3 family using a novel genetic system in Escherichia coli. Our results show that while all three genes show strong ability to convert C to U, only APOBEC3A is an efficient deaminator of 5mC. To confirm this, APOBEC3A was purified partially and used in an in vitro deamination assay. We found that APOBEC3A can deaminate 5mC efficiently and this activity is comparable to its C to U deamination activity. When the DNA-binding segment of AID was replaced with the corresponding segment from APOBEC3A, the resulting hybrid had much higher ability to convert 5mC to T in the genetic assay. These and other results suggest that the human AID deaminates 5mC's only weakly because the 5-methyl group fits poorly in its DNA-binding pocket.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.