ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Toxigenic Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes from wastewater treatment plants in southern Switzerland.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in 17,148 food samples from 2009 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Wastewater reuse for production of plant-based foods: does spore-formingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Community-AcquiredInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- In vitro susceptibility of clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates in Israel to metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin, ridinilazole and ibezapolstat.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Some Factors Influencing the Number ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Detection of Pathogens in Medical Wastewater by Electrochemical Biosensors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ribotypes and New Virulent Strains Across Europe.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Spore-FormingMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Toxin-Encoding Genes ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Make It LessGenes · 2022Review
- Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Metronidazole in Clostridioides difficile from River Water.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Global Landscape of Clostridioides Difficile Phylogeography, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Toxin Polymorphisms by Post-Hoc Whole-Genome Sequencing from the MODIFY I/II Studies.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Article
- A multisite genomic epidemiology study ofMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of community-acquired and recurrentTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2021Review
- High Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in Home Gardens in Western Australia.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Isolation and characterization of a multidrug-resistantJournal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The occurrence of Clostridium difficile in nine wastewater treatment plants in the Ticino Canton (southern Switzerland) was investigated. The samples were collected from raw sewage influents and from treated effluents. Forty-seven out of 55 characterized C. difficile strains belonged to 13 different reference PCR ribotypes (009, 010, 014, 015, 039, 052, 053, 066, 070, 078, 101, 106, and 117), whereas 8 strains did not match any of those available in our libraries. The most frequently isolated ribotype (40%) was 078, isolated from six wastewater treatment plants, whereas ribotype 066, a toxigenic emerging ribotype isolated from patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and Switzerland, was isolated from the outgoing effluent of one plant. The majority of the isolates (85%) were toxigenic. Forty-nine percent of them produced toxin A, toxin B, and the binary toxin (toxigenic profile A(+) B(+) CDT(+)), whereas 51% showed the profile A(+) B(+) CDT(-). Interestingly, eight ribotypes (010, 014, 015, 039, 066, 078, 101, and 106) were among the riboprofiles isolated from symptomatic patients admitted to the hospitals of the Ticino Canton in 2010. Despite the limitation of sampling, this study highlights that toxigenic ribotypes of C. difficile involved in human infections may occur in both incoming and outgoing biological wastewater treatment plants. Such a finding raises concern about the possible contamination of water bodies that receive wastewater treatment plant effluents and about the safe reuse of treated wastewater.
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