ArticleNature medicine2012
Large intestine-targeted, nanoparticle-releasing oral vaccine to control genitorectal viral infection.
Article in Nature medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Advances of oral micro- and nanomedicines for modulating intestinal barriers in the treatment of intestinal diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Mucosal Immunity: The Key to Combating Enteroviruses and Beyond.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Development of an oral gut-targeted rabies virus-like particles (RVLPs) vaccine with mucosal immune adjuvant LTB via delivering of localized-release microparticles.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Blades and barriers: Oral vaccines for conquering cancers and warding off infectious diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Preparation and evaluation of oral enteric sustained-release liquid formulations of aspirin.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Loss of HIV candidate vaccine efficacy in male macaques by mucosal nanoparticle immunization rescued by V2-specific response.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Micro- and Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Based on Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials.Polymers · 2023Review
- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Smart drug delivery systems for precise cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- Advances in oral peptide drug nanoparticles for diabetes mellitus treatment.Bioactive materials · 2022Review
- Mucosal vaccines - fortifying the frontiers.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- Tetracycline-grafted mPEG-PLGA micelles for bone-targeting and osteoporotic improvement.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Demystifying particle-based oral vaccines.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2021Review
- Receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Opportunities and emerging strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Both rectal and vaginal mucosal surfaces serve as transmission routes for pathogenic microorganisms. Vaccination through large intestinal mucosa, previously proven protective for both of these mucosal sites in animal studies, can be achieved successfully by direct intracolorectal (i.c.r.) administration, but this route is clinically impractical. Oral vaccine delivery seems preferable but runs the risk of the vaccine's destruction in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we designed a large intestine-targeted oral delivery with pH-dependent microparticles containing vaccine nanoparticles, which induced colorectal immunity in mice comparably to colorectal vaccination and protected against rectal and vaginal viral challenge. Conversely, vaccine targeted to the small intestine induced only small intestinal immunity and provided no rectal or vaginal protection, demonstrating functional compartmentalization within the gut mucosal immune system. Therefore, using this oral vaccine delivery system to target the large intestine, but not the small intestine, may represent a feasible new strategy for immune protection of rectal and vaginal mucosa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.