ArticlePloS one2012
Pulmonary infection with influenza A virus induces site-specific germinal center and T follicular helper cell responses.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- TOX drives CD4Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- A High-Yield Recombinant Inactivated Whole-Virion Nasal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Vaccine with an Attenuated PB2 Gene.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ectopic germinal centers in the nasal turbinates contribute to B cell immunity to intranasal viral infection and vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Review
- Polyanhydride nanovaccine against H3N2 influenza A virus generates mucosal resident and systemic immunity promoting protection.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Sublingual Vaccination with Live Influenza Virus Induces Better Protection Than Oral Immunization in Mice.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Co-Ordination of Mucosal B Cell and CD8 T Cell Memory by Tissue-Resident CD4 Helper T Cells.Cells · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlate with neutralizing antibodies and increase during early convalescence.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Single-cell BCR and transcriptome analysis after influenza infection reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of antigen-specific B cells.Cell reports · 2021Article
- The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Modulator of Anti-viral Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Radiation recall pneumonitis induced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockades: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.BMC medicine · 2020Review
- Article
- Resident Memory B Cells.Viral immunology · 2020Review
- Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination partially overcomes maternal antibody inhibition of de novo immune responses in mice.Science translational medicine · 2020Article
- CD4Cell reports · 2020Article
- Early life exposures shape the CD4Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Protection from influenza A virus (IAV) challenge requires switched, high affinity Abs derived from long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells. These B cell subsets are generated in germinal centers (GCs), hallmark structures of T helper cell-driven B cell immunity. A full understanding of the GC reaction after respiratory IAV infection is lacking, as is the characterization of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells that support GCs. Here, GC B cell and T(FH) cell responses were studied in mice following pulmonary challenge with IAV. Marked GC reactions were induced in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), lung, spleen and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), although the magnitude and kinetics of the response was site-specific. Examination of switching within GCs demonstrated IgG2(+) cells to compose the largest fraction in dLNs, lung and spleen. IgA(+) GC B cells were infrequent in these sites, but composed a significant subset of the switched GC population in NALT. Further experiments demonstrated splenectomized mice to withstand a lethal recall challenge, suggesting the spleen to be unnecessary for long-term protection in spite of strong GC responses in this organ. Final studies showed that T(FH) cell numbers were highest in dLNs and spleen, and peaked in all sites prior to the height of the GC reaction. T(FH) cells purified from dLNs generated IL-21 and IFNγ upon activation, although CD4(+)CXCR5(-) T effector cells produced higher levels of all cytokines. Collectively, these findings reveal respiratory IAV infection to induce strong T helper cell-driven B cell responses in various organs, with each site displaying unique attributes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.