SynthesisPloS one2012
Job strain and tobacco smoking: an individual-participant data meta-analysis of 166,130 adults in 15 European studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychosocial work exposures and health outcomes: a meta-review of 72 literature reviews with meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2021Pooled it
- Is job strain associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2021Pooled it
- Human resource management training of supervisors for improving health and well-being of employees.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: A Multicohort Study of 90,164 Individuals.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Pooled it
- Job strain as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 124,808 men and women.Diabetes care · 2014Pooled it
- Job strain and COPD exacerbations: an individual-participant meta-analysis.The European respiratory journal · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Job strain and the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases: individual-participant meta-analysis of 95,000 men and women.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118,000 working adults.American journal of public health · 2013Pooled it
- Associations of job strain and lifestyle risk factors with risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2013Pooled it
- Work stress and risk of cancer: meta-analysis of 5700 incident cancer events in 116,000 European men and women.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2013Pooled it
- Job strain and cardiovascular disease risk factors: meta-analysis of individual-participant data from 47,000 men and women.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Job strain as a risk factor for leisure-time physical inactivity: an individual-participant meta-analysis of up to 170,000 men and women: the IPD-Work Consortium.American journal of epidemiology · 2012Pooled it
- Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data.Lancet (London, England) · 2012Pooled it
- Article
- Employer-provided bicycle benefit and changes in commuting and overall physical activity: A quasi-experiment among Finnish municipal employees.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tobacco Use Among the Indigenous Population in Peninsular Malaysia.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Better perceived health among the Swedish-speaking minority as compared with the Finnish-speaking majority in Finland: a cross-sectional study with an intergenerational perspective.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Observational
- International Empirical Validation and Value Added of the Multilevel Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) 2.0.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
50 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTobacco smoking is a major contributor to the public health burden and healthcare costs worldwide, but the determinants of smoking behaviours are poorly understood. We conducted a large individual-participant meta-analysis to examine the extent to which work-related stress, operationalised as job strain, is associated with tobacco smoking in working adults. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL
findingsWe analysed cross-sectional data from 15 European studies comprising 166,130 participants. Longitudinal data from six studies were used. Job strain and smoking were self-reported. Smoking was harmonised into three categories never, ex- and current. We modelled the cross-sectional associations using logistic regression and the results pooled in random effects meta-analyses. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine longitudinal associations. Of the 166,130 participants, 17% reported job strain, 42% were never smokers, 33% ex-smokers and 25% current smokers. In the analyses of the cross-sectional data, current smokers had higher odds of job strain than never-smokers (age, sex and socioeconomic position-adjusted odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.18). Current smokers with job strain smoked, on average, three cigarettes per week more than current smokers without job strain. In the analyses of longitudinal data (1 to 9 years of follow-up), there was no clear evidence for longitudinal associations between job strain and taking up or quitting smoking.
conclusionsOur findings show that smokers are slightly more likely than non-smokers to report work-related stress. In addition, smokers who reported work stress smoked, on average, slightly more cigarettes than stress-free smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.