ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2012
Pathogenesis of achalasia cardia.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aflatoxin influences achalasia symptomatology.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Trial
- Exploring the Role of Post-Viral Phenomenon in the Pathogenesis of Achalasia: Insights From a Clinical Case.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Modern treatment for achalasia: endoscopic and surgical therapies.The British journal of surgery · 2026Review
- Fistulizing, Lower Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Heller Myotomy With Fundoplication in a Patient With Achalasia.ACG case reports journal · 2025Article
- The Impact of the Oral and Esophageal Microbiota in EoE and Achalasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Anesthesia Management During Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Patients with Achalasia: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Predilection of Specific Diseases to Affect Different Sections of the Esophagus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mid-term outcomes of the patients of achalasia cardia undergoing laparoscopic Heller's myotomy with angle of his accentuation versus laparoscopic Heller's myotomy with Toupet's fundoplication.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Response Rate to Treatment of Achalasia Patients With Thyroid Disorders Versus Euthyroid Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- The Reverse Red-Green-Blue Rule: A Color-Coded Approach for Simplified Achalasia Diagnosis via High-Resolution Manometry.Gastroenterology research · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and practice patterns of achalasia in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- Evolving therapeutic approaches in achalasia: a comprehensive review of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) vs. Heller's myotomy.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Clinical and high-resolution manometry of 801 patients with esophageal dysmotility, including achalasia, in relation to age.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Article
- Pre- and post-intervention oesophageal pressure topography metrics in the three subtypes of achalasia: A pilot study on Indian adults.Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2024Article
- Review
- Focus on Achalasia in the Omics Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Novel Use of AXIOS Stent for Concurrent Management of Achalasia and Esophageal Varices in a Cirrhotic Patient.ACG case reports journal · 2024Article
- Achalasia Cardia: A Case Series.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as achalasia cardia.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Docking Proteins Upregulate IL-1β Expression in Lower Esophageal Sphincter Muscle in Esophageal Achalasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Achalasia cardia is one of the common causes of motor dysphagia. Though the disease was first described more than 300 years ago, exact pathogenesis of this condition still remains enigmatic. Pathophysiologically, achalasia cardia is caused by loss of inhibitory ganglion in the myenteric plexus of the esophagus. In the initial stage, degeneration of inhibitory nerves in the esophagus results in unopposed action of excitatory neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, resulting in high amplitude non-peristaltic contractions (vigorous achalasia); progressive loss of cholinergic neurons over time results in dilation and low amplitude simultaneous contractions in the esophageal body (classic achalasia). Since the initial description, several studies have attempted to explore initiating agents that may cause the disease, such as viral infection, other environmental factors, autoimmunity, and genetic factors. Though Chagas disease, which mimics achalasia, is caused by an infective agent, available evidence suggests that infection may not be an independent cause of primary achalasia. A genetic basis for achalasia is supported by reports showing occurrence of disease in monozygotic twins, siblings and other first-degree relatives and occurrence in association with other genetic diseases such as Down's syndrome and Parkinson's disease. Polymorphisms in genes encoding for nitric oxide synthase, receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide, interleukin 23 and the ALADIN gene have been reported. However, studies on larger numbers of patients and controls from different ethnic groups are needed before definite conclusions can be obtained. Currently, the disease is believed to be multi-factorial, with autoimmune mechanisms triggered by infection in a genetically predisposed individual leading to degeneration of inhibitory ganglia in the wall of the esophagus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.