ArticleJournal of experimental botany2012
A SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) family transcription factor gene regulates awn elongation and pistil morphology in barley.
Article in Journal of experimental botany, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epistatic interaction of the genesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Transcriptional signatures associated with female receptivity and longevity in genetically male-sterile wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TaAGL6-B1 identified as a candidate gene for the dominant awn-inhibitor locus B2 in wheat.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- A pendant awn phenotype linked to the EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 LIKE (EMF1L) gene in barley.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- SHORT AND CROOKED AWN, encoding the epigenetic regulator EMF1, promotes barley awn development.Plant & cell physiology · 2025Article
- Developmental constraint underlies the replicated evolution of grass awns.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- A transcription factor of SHI family AaSHI1 activates artemisinin biosynthesis genes in Artemisia annua.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- A guide to barley mutants.Hereditas · 2024Review
- MADS1-regulated lemma and awn development benefits barley yield.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Identification of SRS transcription factor family in Solanum lycopersicum, and functional characterization of their responses to hormones and abiotic stresses.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- The transcriptional hub SHORT INTERNODES1 integrates hormone signals to orchestrate rice growth and development.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- The TaTCP4/10-B1 cascade regulates awn elongation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Plant communications · 2023Article
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- Article
- Article
- Positional cloning identified HvTUBULIN8 as the candidate gene for round lateral spikelet (RLS) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Diverse ecological functions and the convergent evolution of grass awns.American journal of botany · 2022Review
- Small EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE2 peptides regulate awn development in rice.Plant physiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The awn, an apical extension from the lemma of the spikelet, plays important roles in seed dispersal, burial, and photosynthesis. Barley typically has long awns, but short-awn variants exist. The short awn 2 (lks2) gene, which produces awns about 50% shorter than normal, is a natural variant that is restricted to Eastern Asia. Positional cloning revealed that Lks2 encodes a SHI-family transcription factor. Allelism tests showed that lks2 is allelic to unbranched style 4 (ubs4) and breviaristatum-d (ari-d), for which the phenotypes are very short awn and sparse stigma hairs. The gene identity was validated by 25 mutant alleles with lesions in the Lks2 gene. Of these, 17 affected either or both conserved regions: the zinc-binding RING-finger motif and the IGGH domain. Lks2 is highly expressed in awns and pistils. Histological observations of longitudinal awn sections showed that the lks2 short-awn phenotype resulted from reduced cell number. Natural variants of lks2 were classified into three types, but all shared a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that causes a proline-to-leucine change at position 245 in the IGGH domain. All three lks2 natural variants were regarded as weak alleles because their awn and pistil phenotypes are mild compared with those of the 25 mutant alleles. Natural variants of lks2 found in the east of China and the Himalayas had considerably different sequences in the regions flanking the critical SNP, suggesting independent origins. The available results suggest that the lks2 allele might have a selective advantage in the adaptation of barley to high-precipitation areas of Eastern Asia.
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