ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2012
Direct health care insurer and out-of-pocket expenditures of inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from a US national survey.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review: societal cost of illness of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing due to biologics and varies between continents.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2015Pooled it
- The economic and quality-of-life burden of Crohn's disease in Europe and the United States, 2000 to 2013: a systematic review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2015Pooled it
- Distance management of inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Pooled it
- Prevalence and Predictors of Symptoms of Anxiety or Depression at Diagnosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Inception Cohort.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Cumulative Impact of Clinical Disease Activity, Biochemical Activity and Psychological Health on the Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During 8 Years of Longitudinal Follow-Up.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Minimally Invasive Rectal Surgery: Current Status and Future Perspectives in the Era of Digital Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effect of Risankizumab Induction and Maintenance Therapy on the Rate of Hospitalization in Patients with Crohn's Disease.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Spray-Dried Formulation of Epicertin, a Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit Variant That Induces Mucosal Healing.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Current Advances inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Changes in Direct Healthcare Costs before and after the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Gut and liver · 2020Article
- Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with inflammatory bowel disease among patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: a retrospective cohort study.BMC rheumatology · 2020Article
- The Cost of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Initiative From the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2020Article
- Quality of life, work productivity impairment and healthcare resources in inflammatory bowel diseases in Brazil.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Observational
- Predictors of Inadequate Response to Budesonide Multimatrix in Real-World Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.Inflammatory intestinal diseases · 2019Article
- Trends in Out-of-Pocket Burden in United States Adults with Kidney Disease: 2002-2011.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2019Article
- Surgery in the age of biologics.Gastroenterology report · 2019Review
- The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Indirect Costs of IBD Care.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Biomarker Tests for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea: A Framework for Payers.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2018Article
- Market share and costs of biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease in the USA.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCrohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, debilitating conditions that can have important economic and clinical implications.
aimTo quantify individual and national estimates of the health care and patient out-of-pocket (OOP) costs of CD and UC.
methodsIn a retrospective study using 1996 to 2009 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, individuals' self-reported health conditions were mapped to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes. Individuals with a code of 555.x (CD) or 556.x (UC) were identified. Health care services and costs included prescriptions and inpatient, outpatient, emergency room, office, and home health services. OOP costs were the portion of individuals' total payments for health care services.
resultsThere were 358 individuals with CD (mean age 49.0 years; 55 % female), 198 individuals with UC (mean age 47.1 years; 64 % female), and 206,993 individuals without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (mean age 48.2 years; 58 % female). Annual per capita health insurer and OOP costs for individuals with CD were greater than those without IBD ($9,526 versus $3,781, p < 0.001 and $1,603 versus $866, p < 0.001, respectively). Health insurer and OOP costs were greater for UC compared with those without IBD ($6,443 versus $3,781, p < 0.001 and $1,263 versus $866, p < 0.001, respectively). US national aggregate annual estimates of health insurer, OOP, and total direct costs secondary to CD are $2.04 billion, $0.26 billion, and $2.29 billion, respectively. Aggregate health insurer, OOP, and total direct costs attributable to UC are $0.53 billion, $0.07 billion, and $0.61 billion, respectively.
conclusionsThe direct costs associated with CD and UC are substantial. The extent to which appropriate diagnosis and treatment reduces the total health care costs for individuals with CD or UC should be examined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.