ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012
Differences in gene expression between strabismic and normal human extraocular muscles.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Shared Genetic Basis Underlying Myopia-Exotropia Comorbidity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Genotype Association of VEGF Polymorphism rs2010963 with Strabismus in a Pakistani Cohort: A Case-Control Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- LncRNA ENST00000581911 Regulates Extraocular Muscle Remodeling by Interacting With KHSRP in Thyroid Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Comparison of orbital structures between age-related distance esotropia and acute acquired concomitant esotropia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gene expression profiling of extraocular muscles in primary inferior oblique overaction.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of Short-Term Treatment of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle With Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- A Preliminary Study of the Occurrence of Genetic Changes in mtDNA in the Muscles in Children Treated for Strabismus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Alteration of Neurotrophic Factors and Innervation in Extraocular Muscles of Individuals With Concomitant Esotropia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of differentially expressed circular RNAs in extraocular muscle of oculomotor nerve palsy.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Clinical significance of CTGF and Cry61 protein in extraocular muscles of strabismic patients.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Expression profiling of extracellular matrix related genes in patients with strabismus.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- The profiles and clinical significance of extraocular muscle-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in oculomotor nerve palsy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association ofMolecular vision · 2022Article
- Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Extraocular Muscle Structure and Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Gene expression profiling of orbital muscles in treatment-resistant ophthalmoplegic myasthenia gravis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2020Article
- Eye alignment changes caused by sustained GDNF treatment of an extraocular muscle in infant non-human primates.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Using Whole Genome Sequencing in an African Subphenotype of Myasthenia Gravis to Generate a Pathogenetic Hypothesis.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Obesity-mediated regulation of cardiac protein acetylation: parallel analysis of total and acetylated proteins via TMT-tagged mass spectrometry.Bioscience reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeStrabismic extraocular muscles (EOMs) differ from normal EOMs in structural and functional properties, but the gene expression profile of these two types of EOM has not been examined. Differences in gene expression may inform about causes and effects of the strabismic condition in humans.
methodsEOM samples were obtained during corrective surgery from patients with horizontal strabismus and from deceased organ donors with normal EOMs. Microarrays and quantitative PCR identified significantly up- and down-regulated genes in EOM samples. Analysis was performed on probe sets with more than 3-fold differential expression between normal and strabismic samples, with an adjusted P value of ≤ 0.05.
resultsMicroarray analysis showed that 604 genes in these samples had significantly different expression. Expression predominantly was upregulated in genes involved in extracellular matrix structure, and down-regulated in genes related to contractility. Expression of genes associated with signaling, calcium handling, mitochondria function and biogenesis, and energy homeostasis also was significantly different between normal and strabismic EOM. Skeletal muscle PCR array identified 22 (25%) of 87 muscle-specific genes that were significantly down-regulated in strabismic EOMs; none was significantly upregulated.
conclusionsDifferences in gene expression between strabismic and normal human EOMs point to a relevant contribution of the peripheral oculomotor system to the strabismic condition. Decreases in expression of contractility genes and increases of extracellular matrix-associated genes indicate imbalances in EOM structure. We conclude that gene regulation of proteins fundamental to contractile mechanics and extracellular matrix structure is involved in pathogenesis and/or consequences of strabismus, suggesting potential novel therapeutic targets.
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