ArticleMolecular immunology2013
Murine BAFF expression is up-regulated by estrogen and interferons: implications for sex bias in the development of autoimmunity.
Article in Molecular immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex hormones affect the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Ganoderma lucidum spore powder enhances IFN-α-mediated antiviral capacity of COVID-19 vaccine boosters revealed by single-cell multi-omics sequencing.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Why Is MS a More Frequent Complication of EBV Infection in Females?Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Knockdown of the long isoform of the prolactin receptor selectively targets pathogenic immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and averts glomerular pathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- B cells and iBALT in TB immunity & pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Detection rate, demographic associations and clinical implications of anti-C1q antibody elevations across diverse disease states.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Human airway epithelial B-cell activating factor is reduced in early life but is virally induced via JAK/STAT.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals alterations in the ovarian immune microenvironment regulated by 17β-estradiol in neonatal mice.Zoological research · 2025Article
- Insights into neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and pregnancy from a single-center study in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- The effect of the number of endometrial CD138+ cells on the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients in the proliferative phase.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Role of Sex Hormones in Prevalent Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Sex hormone-dependent and -independent regulation of serum BAFF and TNF in cohorts of transgender and cisgender men and women.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Inflammatory immune profiles associated with disease severity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with moderate to severe clinical TB or anemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Differential serum interferon-β levels in autoimmune thyroid diseases.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- Immunopathological events surrounding IL-6 and IFN-α: A bridge for anti-lupus erythematosus drugs used to treat COVID-19.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- The complex role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Review
- Lower BAFF Levels in Myasthenic Patients Treated with Glucocorticoids.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients and certain mouse models exhibits a strong sex bias. Additionally, in most patients, increased serum levels of type I interferon (IFN-α) are associated with severity of the disease. Because increased levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF) in SLE patients and mouse models are associated with the development of SLE, we investigated whether the female sex hormone estrogen (E2) and/or IFNs (IFN-α or γ) could regulate the expression of murine BAFF. We found that steady-state levels of BAFF mRNA and protein were measurably higher in immune cells (CD11b(+), CD11c(+), and CD19(+)) isolated from C57BL/6 females than the age-matched male mice. Treatment of immune cells with IFN or E2 significantly increased levels of BAFF mRNA and protein and a deficiency of estrogen receptor-α, IRF5, or STAT1 expression in splenic cells decreased expression of BAFF. Moreover, treatment of RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IFN-α, IFN-γ, or E2 induced expression of BAFF. Interestingly, increased expression of p202, an IFN and estrogen-inducible protein, in RAW264.7 cells significantly increased the expression levels of BAFF and also stimulated the activity of the BAFF-luc-reporter. Accordingly, the increased expression of the p202 protein in lupus-prone B6.Nba2-ABC than non lupus-prone C57BL/6 and B6.Nba2-C female mice was associated with increased expression levels of BAFF. Together, our observations demonstrated that estrogen and IFN-induced increased levels of the p202 protein in immune cells contribute to sex bias in part through up-regulation of BAFF expression.
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Registered trials
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