ReviewExpert opinion on biological therapy2012
Advances in the formation, use and understanding of multi-cellular spheroids.
Review in Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 246 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
246 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 560 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered tissues and strategies to overcome challenges in drug development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Hybrid spheroids of urine-derived renal epithelial cells: Structural and functional characterization.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- NheABC is a pH-dependent cytotoxin that targets mitochondria and contributes to the virulence of Bacillus cereus in wound infections.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Cellular Responses to Mechanical Cues Across Scales: From Fundamental Insights to Translational Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Endoluminal Catheter Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Advantages and research progress of three-dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- The application progress of organoid technology in the toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Protocol for generation, time-course imaging, and automated quality control of 3D spheroid invasion using TRACEQC.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Pancreatic organoids and organoid-on-a-chip platforms: from disease modeling to precision therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Force-sensing mobile microrobotic grippers for gentle and precise bioassembly of cell spheroids.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Massart iron oxide nanoparticles in mechanobiology.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Human Organoids and Organ-on-Chip for Biotoxin Assessment: Applications, Best Practices, and a Translational Roadmap.Toxins · 2026Review
- Review
- Rapid Generation of Fusable Cell Beads for Multi-Scale Human Living Materials Assembly.Small methods · 2026Article
- Generation of uniform-sized spheroids as 3D cancer models using simple and scalable PDMS-based microwell devices.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Article
- 3D Spheroids to Study the Impact of Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Solid Tumors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Engineering Complexity: Advances in 3D Breast Cancer Models for Precision Oncology.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Novel Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Allogenic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Synergizes Therapeutic Outcomes in a Preclinical Human Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- The 3D landscape of infection: spatial organization andFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
186 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDeveloping in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity testing, as well as the emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) methods of mammalian cell culture have several limitations and it is increasingly recognized that cells grown in a three-dimensional (3D) environment more closely represent normal cellular function due to the increased cell-to-cell interactions, and by mimicking the in vivo architecture of natural organs and tissues. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we discuss the methods to form 3D multi-cellular spheroids, the advantages and limitations of these methods, and assays used to characterize the function of spheroids. The use of spheroids has led to many advances in basic cell sciences, including understanding cancer cell interactions, creating models for drug discovery and cancer metastasis, and they are being investigated as basic units for engineering tissue constructs. As so, this review will focus on contributions made to each of these fields using spheroid models. EXPERT OPINION: Multi-cellular spheroids are rich in biological content and mimic better the in vivo environment than 2D cell culture. New technologies to form and analyze spheroids are rapidly increasing their adoption and expanding their applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.