ReviewEndocrinology2012
Brain meets body: the blood-brain barrier as an endocrine interface.
Review in Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05649605 (Early Mental Response to Hormonal Treatment in Transgender Men - The EMRE Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Mental Response to Hormonal Treatment in Transgender Men - The EMRE Study
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory drug-assisted treatment of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of exercise on older adults' mood is moderated by sleep and mediated by altered brain connectivity.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2020Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhanced resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal regions in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2015Trial
- Prospective study of reproductive span and menopausal hormone therapy and cognitive decline over 8 years in the Nurses' Health Study.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Hyperpolarized NMR study of the impact of alzheimer's disease on diabetes using a novel rat model.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- A longitudinal study of CLDN5 DNA methylation and PTSD.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Gonadotropins Across the Lifespan: Their role in the Neurodevelopment-Neurodegeneration Continuum.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Intranasal Nano-Delivery Systems: Emerging Strategies for Central Nervous System Disease Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Physical exercise increases binding of POMC to blood extracellular vesicles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Microglia sensing of peripheral signals that bridge the brain and body.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Sex- and age- differences in the expression of critical blood-brain barrier regulators: a physiological context.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Lifetime Variations in Prolactin Expression in the Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of the Rat.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of estrogen in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential in women.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Intranasal delivery of iron chelators and management of central nervous system disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring neuroendocrine influences on the sensorimotor-association axis in a female and a male individual.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Blood-brain barrier disruption: a culprit of cognitive decline?Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Obesity-induced inflammation: connecting the periphery to the brain.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Potential Differences in Psychedelic Actions Based on Biological Sex.Endocrinology · 2024Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral tissues. However, this does not prevent hormones from entering the brain, but shifts the main control of entry to the BBB. In general, steroid hormones cross the BBB by transmembrane diffusion, a nonsaturable process resulting in brain levels that reflect blood levels, whereas thyroid hormones and many peptides and regulatory proteins cross using transporters, a saturable process resulting in brain levels that reflect blood levels and transporter characteristics. Protein binding, brain-to-blood transport, and pharmacokinetics modulate BBB penetration. Some hormones have the opposite effect within the CNS than they do in the periphery, suggesting that these hormones cross the BBB to act as their own counterregulators. The cells making up the BBB are also endocrine like, both responding to circulating substances and secreting substances into the circulation and CNS. By dividing a hormone's receptors into central and peripheral pools, the former of which may not be part of the hormone's negative feed back loop, the BBB fosters the development of variable hormone resistance syndromes, as exemplified by evidence that altered insulin action in the CNS can contribute to Alzheimer's disease. In summary, the BBB acts as a regulatory interface in an endocrine-like, humoral-based communication between the CNS and peripheral tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.