ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2012
Human cytomegalovirus inhibition by cardiac glycosides: evidence for involvement of the HERG gene.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug repositioning: Progress and challenges in drug discovery for various diseases.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials.Life sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Interspecies Differences in Cytomegalovirus Inhibition by Cardiac Glycosides-A Unique Role of the Alpha3 Isoform of the NaViruses · 2025Article
- Antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of ouabain against congenital Zika syndrome model.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Cardiac glycosides inhibit early and late vaccinia virus protein expression.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Natural products and derivatives as Japanese encephalitis virus antivirals.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Differential Activities of the Botanical Extract PBI-05204 and Oleandrin on Innate Immune Functions under Viral Challenge Versus Inflammatory Culture Conditions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- New uses for an old remedy: Digoxin as a potential treatment for steatohepatitis and other disorders.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Antiviral activity of ouabain against a Brazilian Zika virus strain.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Repurposing Cardiac Glycosides: Drugs for Heart Failure Surmounting Viruses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
- Sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of Digitalis ferruginea subsp. schischkinii transcriptome.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Review
- Antiviral activity of digoxin and ouabain against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implication for COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Anticancer and Antiviral Properties of Cardiac Glycosides: A Review to Explore the Mechanism of Actions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Elucidation of the mechanism of anti-herpes action of two novel semisynthetic cardenolide derivatives.Archives of virology · 2020Article
- Validation and Characterization of Five Distinct Novel Inhibitors of Human Cytomegalovirus.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- Screening of Natural Extracts for Inhibitors against Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) continues to be a major threat for pregnant women and the immunocompromised population. Although several anti-HCMV therapies are available, the development of new anti-HCMV agents is highly desired. There is growing interest in identifying compounds that might inhibit HCMV by modulating the cellular milieu. Interest in cardiac glycosides (CG), used in patients with congestive heart failure, has increased because of their established anticancer and their suggested antiviral activities. We report that the several CG--digoxin, digitoxin, and ouabain--are potent inhibitors of HCMV at nM concentrations. HCMV inhibition occurred prior to DNA replication, but following binding to its cellular receptors. The levels of immediate early, early, and late viral proteins and cellular NF-κB were significantly reduced in CG-treated cells. The activity of CG in infected cells correlated with the expression of the potassium channel gene, hERG. CMV infection upregulated hERG, whereas CG significantly downregulated its expression. Infection with mouse CMV upregulated mouse ERG (mERG), but treatment with CG did not inhibit virus replication or mERG transcription. These findings suggest that CG may inhibit HCMV by modulating human cellular targets associated with hERG and that these compounds should be studied for their antiviral activities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.