ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Efficient and sequence-independent replication of DNA containing a third base pair establishes a functional six-letter genetic alphabet.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- Derivatives of dPMTO, dMTMO, and dTPT3 as efficient genetic alphabets for artificial DNA.Journal of molecular modeling · 2026Article
- High-resolution melting analysis for rapid and cost-effective detection of unnatural base pairs.Biodesign research · 2026Article
- Recognition of unnatural base pairs by a eukaryotic DNA polymerase enables universal sequencing of an expanded genetic alphabet.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Aptamer Engineering: Strategies for Discovering Functional Nucleic Acids for Next-Generation Diagnostics and Biosensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nucleic acid joining enzymes: biological functions and synthetic applications beyond DNA.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- A practical DNA data storage using an expanded alphabet introducing 5-methylcytosine.GigaByte (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Article
- Cracking the Code: Reprogramming the Genetic Script in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes to Harness the Power of Noncanonical Amino Acids.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Engineered Proteins and Materials Utilizing Residue-Specific Noncanonical Amino Acid Incorporation.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Investigation of dynamical flexibility of D5SIC-DNAM inside DNA duplex in aqueous solution: a systematic classical MD approach.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2024Article
- Investigation of the stability of D5SIC-DNAM-incorporated DNA duplex inPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2024Article
- Enzymatic synthesis and nanopore sequencing of 12-letter supernumerary DNA.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Sequencing for oxidative DNA damage at single-nucleotide resolution with click-code-seq v2.0.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- The Expanded Central Dogma: Genome Resynthesis, Orthogonal Biosystems, Synthetic Genetics.Annual review of biophysics · 2023Review
- Embeddability of centrosymmetric matrices capturing the double-helix structure in natural and synthetic DNA.Journal of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- Complementary base pair interactions between different rare tautomers of the second-generation artificial genetic alphabets.Journal of molecular modeling · 2023Article
- Discovery, implications and initial use of semi-synthetic organisms with an expanded genetic alphabet/code.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- From polymerase engineering to semi-synthetic life: artificial expansion of the central dogma.RSC chemical biology · 2022Review
- Overlapping genes in natural and engineered genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2022Review
- Genetic Code Engineering by Natural and Unnatural Base Pair Systems for the Site-Specific Incorporation of Non-Standard Amino Acids Into Proteins.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The natural four-letter genetic alphabet, comprised of just two base pairs (dA-dT and dG-dC), is conserved throughout all life, and its expansion by the development of a third, unnatural base pair has emerged as a central goal of chemical and synthetic biology. We recently developed a class of candidate unnatural base pairs, exemplified by the pair formed between d5SICS and dNaM. Here, we examine the PCR amplification of DNA containing one or more d5SICS-dNaM pairs in a wide variety of sequence contexts. Under standard conditions, we show that this DNA may be amplified with high efficiency and greater than 99.9% fidelity. To more rigorously explore potential sequence effects, we used deep sequencing to characterize a library of templates containing the unnatural base pair as a function of amplification. We found that the unnatural base pair is efficiently replicated with high fidelity in virtually all sequence contexts. The results show that, for PCR and PCR-based applications, d5SICS-dNaM is functionally equivalent to a natural base pair, and when combined with dA-dT and dG-dC, it provides a fully functional six-letter genetic alphabet.
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