ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2012
Ethyl glucuronide concentrations in beard hair after a single alcohol dose: evidence for incorporation in hair root.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomolecules and Biomarkers Used in Diagnosis of Alcohol Drinking and in Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions.Biomolecules · 2015Pooled it
- Ethyl glucuronide concentration in hair for detecting heavy drinking and/or abstinence: a meta-analysis.International journal of legal medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Hair testing for investigating intake and use history of hypnotics in the forensic field.Forensic toxicology · 2026Review
- Incorporation of suvorexant and lemborexant into hair and their distributions after a single intake.Forensic toxicology · 2025Article
- Micro-segmental analysis of the entry pathway and distribution of zolpidem in hair from different scalp regions after a single dose.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Time course of estazolam in single-strand hair based on micro-segmental analysis after controlled oral administration.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- [What ethanol metabolites as biological markers tell us about alcohol use].Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the growing importance of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair for detection of chronic excessive alcohol consumption, the mechanism of incorporation is not yet clear. Deposition from sweat is believed to be the main route. In order to get more information, EtG was determined in daily shaved beard hair after single higher alcohol doses.
methodsThree volunteers drank within 5.5 h 153, 165 and 200 g ethanol followed by abstinence. Daily shaved beard hair was analysed for EtG using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with a limit of quantification of 2 pg/mg.
resultsFor all three volunteers, small concentrations of EtG were already detected 9 h after end of drinking. The concentrations increased to maxima of 182, 242 and 74 pg/mg on days 2 to 4 and then gradually decreased to limit of quantification on days 8 to 10. DISCUSSION: The time course of EtG is discussed based on literature data about anatomic dimensions of the hair root, physiology of hair growth, kinetics of EtG formation and elimination in blood, and in comparison to literature results about drugs in beard hair. It follows that for beard hair the predominant portion of EtG is incorporated in the upper part of the hair root between suprabulbar region and isthmus leading to a positive zone of about 3 mm (8-9 days) after a single drinking event. Deposition from sweat which is only possible into the residual hair stubble after shaving and in the infundibulum down to the sebaceous gland mouth was found to be of minor importance but could play a greater role in long hair.
conclusionIt is concluded that EtG in hair fulfils the prerequisites for time-resolved interpretation of segmental concentrations and that a single excessive drinking can be well detected in sufficiently short hair segments. However, in the routinely investigated 3-cm proximal scalp hair segment and using the cutoff of 7 pg/mg, a negative result can be expected with high probability because of dilution by negative hair.
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