ArticlePloS one2012
Vitamin D and HIV progression among Tanzanian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cholecalciferol Supplementation Does Not Affect the Risk of HIV Progression, Viral Suppression, Comorbidities, Weight Loss, and Depression among Tanzanian Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of vitamin DThe lancet. HIV · 2020Trial
- Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis in hospitalised HIV infected patients in a low income tropical setting: a cross sectional study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2018Trial
- Vitamin D supplementation decreases immune activation and exhaustion in HIV-1-infected youth.Antiviral therapy · 2018Trial
- Effect of maternal vitamin DTrials · 2017Trial
- Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, Vitamin D Status, and Mineral Metabolism in Urban HIV-Positive South African Women Over 12 Months.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Trial
- Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum and urinary vitamin D metabolites and binding protein in HIV-infected youth.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017Trial
- Efficacy of vitamin DTrials · 2017Trial
- Vitamin-D deficiency impairs CD4+T-cell count recovery rate in HIV-positive adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy: A longitudinal study.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2016Trial
- High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in children and young adults with HIV: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2015Trial
- Vitamin D status is associated with mortality, morbidity, and growth failure among a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed Tanzanian infants.The Journal of nutrition · 2015Trial
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is associated with HIV disease progression and virological failure post-antiretroviral therapy initiation in diverse multinational settings.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Vitamin D deficiency among Ethiopian adults: current evidence, determinants, and policy implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Nutritional Status of Adult People Living with HIV: A Narrative Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected individuals in comparison with the general population across Punjab province, Pakistan.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: A review on the role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D in Ethiopian HIV-Infected Adults.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing evidence of an association between low vitamin D and HIV disease progression; however, no prospective studies have been conducted among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were assessed at ART initiation for a randomly selected cohort of HIV-infected adults enrolled in a trial of multivitamins (not including vitamin D) in Tanzania during 2006-2010. Participants were prospectively followed at monthly clinic visits for a median of 20.6 months. CD4 T-cell measurements were obtained every 4 months. Proportional hazard models were utilized for mortality analyses while generalized estimating equations were used for CD4 T-cell counts.
resultsSerum 25(OH)D was measured in 1103 adults 9.2% were classified as vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/ml), 43.6% insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), and 47.2% as sufficient (>30 ng/mL). After multivariate adjustment, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with increased mortality as compared to vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.19-3.37; p = 0.009), whereas no significant association was found for vitamin D insufficiency (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.87-1.78; p = 0.24). No effect modification by ART regimen or change in the associations over time was detected. Vitamin D status was not associated with change in CD4 T-cell count after ART initiation.
conclusionsDeficient vitamin D levels may lead to increased mortality in individuals receiving ART and this relationship does not appear to be due to impaired CD4 T-cell reconstitution. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for individuals receiving ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.