ArticlePloS one2012
Head circumference of infants born to mothers with different educational levels; the Generation R Study.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Methods to quantify soft tissue-based cranial growth and treatment outcomes in children: a systematic review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Impact of health literacy and subjective happiness in pregnancy on neonatal anthropometry: a cohort study.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- The Development of Standardized National Head Circumference Growth Charts for Jordanian Children Aged 0-5 Years: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Head circumference trajectories during the first two years of life and cognitive development, emotional, and behavior problems in adolescence: a cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Head circumference as an epigenetic risk factor for maternal nutrition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Head circumference from birth to five years in France: New national reference charts and comparison to WHO standards.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2021Article
- Observational
- Brain Morphometry and Cognitive Performance in Normal Brain Aging: Age- and Sex-Related Structural and Functional Changes.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Altered Cortical Brain Structure and Increased Risk for Disease Seen Decades After Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: A Study of 9000 Adults in the UK Biobank.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Article
- Low head circumference during early childhood and its predictors in a semi-urban settlement of Vellore, Southern India.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Maternal DHA Status during Pregnancy Has a Positive Impact on Infant Problem Solving: A Norwegian Prospective Observation Study.Nutrients · 2018Observational
- Determinants of Low Head Circumference at Birth of New Born in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHead circumference (HC) reflect growth and development of the brain in early childhood. It is unknown whether socioeconomic differences in HC are present in early childhood. Therefore, we investigated the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and HC in early childhood, and potential underlying factors.
methodsThe study focused on Dutch children born between April 2002 and January 2006 who participated in The Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Maternal educational level was used as indicator of SEP. HC measures were concentrated around 1, 3, 6 and 11 months. Associations and explanatory factors were investigated using linear regression analysis, adjusted for potential mediators.
resultsThe study included 3383 children. At 1, 3 and 6 months of age, children of mothers with a low education had a smaller HC than those with a high education (difference at 1 month: -0.42 SD; 95% CI: -0.54,-0.30; at 3 months: -0.27 SD; 95% CI -0.40,-0.15; and at 6 months: -0.13 SD; 95% CI -0.24,-0.02). Child's length and weight could only partially explain the smaller HC at 1 and 3 months of age. At 6 months, birth weight, gestational age and parental height explained the HC differences. At 11 months, no HC differences were found.
conclusionEducational inequalities in HC in the first 6 months of life can be mainly explained by pregnancy-related factors, such as birth weight and gestational age. These findings further support public health policies to prevent negative birth outcomes in lower socioeconomic groups.
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