ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2012
Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 402 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
402 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 811 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vectors, host range, and spatial distribution of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Europe: a systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Pooled it
- Oro-facial filariasis-A systematic review of the literature.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Human Dirofilariasis Caused by Dirofilaria repens in Sri Lanka from 1962 to 2020.Acta parasitologica · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of Simparica Trio® (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) against circulating microfilariae in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the trūRapidParasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Fluorescence videography for the rapid and automated in-clinic detection of microfilariae.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Endothelial proteomic response to Dirofilaria repens somatic antigens and the Dr20/22 protein reveals parasite-driven modulation of angiogenesis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Comparison of two doxycycline dosages on inflammatory and stress response in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Comparative proteomic analysis of the angiogenic response in an in vitro model of vascular endothelial cells to excretory/secretory and somatic antigens of Dirofilaria immitis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Geographical Distribution and Molecular Characterization ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Improved specificity of a probe-based real-time PCR for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis in canine blood.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Potential risk of heartworm infection in the United States of America and its projected incidence by 2100.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Pathogen diversity in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of Kosovo: a two-year cross-sectional study.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in traveling dogs: implications for transboundary pathogen movement.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- The influence of larval temperature and nutrients on dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae)) transmission in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- New World Ocular Dirofilariasis Caused by Dirofilaria repens Infection, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis, North Queensland, Australia, 2023Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Rapid Point-of-Care Detection ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- First reported case ofThe Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026Article
342 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.