ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2012
Combination therapy for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 385 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
385 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Pediatric stewardship in Italy: a necessity, not an option - a National Multi-Society Expert Consensus on Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship (SIP, SITIP, SIMRI, SIAIP, SIMEUP, SIPPS, SICUPP, SIMIT, SIMPE, SIPINF, SIT, SIAATIP, SARNEPI, AIEOP, SIM, SITI, SIF, SIFACT, SITA, SIN).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.eLife · 2024Pooled it
- Efficiency of combination therapy versus monotherapy for the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Colistin monotherapy or combination for the treatment of bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Antibiotic regimens for early-onset neonatal sepsis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Antibiotic regimens for late-onset neonatal sepsis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- TACTIC: A transfer learning framework to predict drug interactions in emerging pathogens.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Elucidating the mechanism of amikacin-induced acute kidney injury: a multilevel analysis based on the FAERS database and network toxicology.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Real-World Antibiotic Strategies for Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neonatal Bloodstream Infections: A Narrative Review on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges and Prospects in Developing Countries.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Carbapenemase type-dependent pharmacodynamic activity of minocycline-biapenem combination against carbapenemase-producingJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Significant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2024.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Honey-Mediated Antibacterial Activity Against Enterobacteriaceae: A Multifaceted Approach Targeting Membrane Integrity, Protein Synthesis, and Quorum Sensing Inhibition.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Restoring ciprofloxacin efficacy via β-caryophyllene synergy for concurrent infection control and tissue regeneration.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- A review of bloodstream infections-pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, treatment methods-challenges and future aspects.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- An Antibacterial "Drug-Drug" Cocrystal of Trimethoprim with Sulfathiazole Achieving Synchronized Dual-Drug Release and Pharmacokinetics.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Combating multidrug-resistant bacteria and associated virulence factors using Cichorium intybus extract: integrated microbiological characterization, phytochemical profiling, cytotoxicity assessment, and mechanistic insights.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- ASP-COMPLEX: redefining antimicrobial stewardship to improve outcomes in high-risk patients with severe infections.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
325 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combination antibiotic therapy for invasive infections with Gram-negative bacteria is employed in many health care facilities, especially for certain subgroups of patients, including those with neutropenia, those with infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, those with ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the severely ill. An argument can be made for empiric combination therapy, as we are witnessing a rise in infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. The wisdom of continued combination therapy after an organism is isolated and antimicrobial susceptibility data are known, however, is more controversial. The available evidence suggests that the greatest benefit of combination antibiotic therapy stems from the increased likelihood of choosing an effective agent during empiric therapy, rather than exploitation of in vitro synergy or the prevention of resistance during definitive treatment. In this review, we summarize the available data comparing monotherapy versus combination antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of infections with Gram-negative bacteria.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.