SynthesisBlood pressure2012
Long-acting dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers and sympathetic nervous system activity in hypertension: a literature review comparing amlodipine and nifedipine GITS.
Synthesis in Blood pressure, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized-controlled trial of sacubitril/valsartan and amlodipine combination in Japanese uncontrolled hypertensive patients (J-SAMIT).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Trial
- Comparison of short-acting versus extended-release nifedipine: Effects on hemodynamics and sympathetic activity in patients with stable coronary artery disease.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- A randomized controlled trial on the blood pressure-lowering effect of amlodipine and nifedipine-GITS in sustained hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Trial
- Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Exercise-Induced Lipid Metabolism in Patients With Obesity and Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2018Trial
- L/N-type calcium channel blocker cilnidipine added to renin-angiotensin inhibition improves ambulatory blood pressure profile and suppresses cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension with chronic kidney disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Trial
- Repurposing 1,4-Dihydropyridine Scaffold: 4-Imidazo[2,1-Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Observational
- Esaxerenone: blood pressure reduction and cardiorenal protection without reflex sympathetic activation in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- DInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Opportunities of Amlodipine as a Potential Candidate in the Evaluation of Drug Compliance during Antihypertensive Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Common Cardiovascular Drugs and Selected European and Latin American Herbal Medicines: A Scoping Review.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparative efficacy of generic nifedipine versus brand-name amlodipine for hypertension management in Taiwan.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Article
- Photokinetics of Dacarbazine and Nifedipine under polychromatic light irradiation and their application as new reliable actinometers for the ultraviolet range.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Combine and Conquer: With Type 2 Diabetes Polypharmacy Is Essential Not Only to Achieve Glycemic Control but Also to Treat the Comorbidities and Stabilize or Slow the Advancement of Diabetic Nephropathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2022Review
- Determinants of improvement of left ventricular mechano-energetic efficiency in hypertensive patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- The Expanding Role of Pyridine and Dihydropyridine Scaffolds in Drug Design.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Review
- Azilsartan causes natriuresis due to its sympatholytic action in kidney disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Article
- The effect of lercanidipine or lercanidipine/enalapril combination on blood pressure in treatment-naïve patients with stage 1 or 2 systolic hypertension.Pragmatic and observational research · 2019Article
- Nifedipine Prevents Apoptosis of Alcohol-Exposed First-Trimester Trophoblast Cells.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Article
- New generations of dihydropyridines for treatment of hypertension.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) constitute a diverse group of compounds but are often referred to as a single homogeneous class of drug and the clinical responses indiscriminately summarized. Even within the dihydropyridine subgroup, there are significant differences in formulations, pharmacokinetics, durations of action and their effects on blood pressure, heart rate, end organs and the sympathetic nervous system. Amlodipine and nifedipine in the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation are the most studied of the once-daily CCBs. Amlodipine has an inherently long pharmacokinetic half-life, whereas, in contrast, nifedipine has an inherently short half-life but in the GITS formulation the sophisticated delivery system allows for once-daily dosing. This article is derived from a systematic review of the published literature in hypertensive patients. The following search terms in three main databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index) from 1990 to 2011 were utilized: amlodipine, nifedipine, sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic response, sympathetic nerve activity, noradrenaline, norepinephrine and heart rate. More than 1500 articles were then screened to derive the relevant analysis. As markers of sympathetic nervous system activation, studies of plasma norepinephrine concentrations, power spectral analysis, muscle sympathetic nerve activity and norepinephrine spillover were reviewed. Overall, each drug lowered blood pressure in hypertensive patients in association with only small changes in heart rate (i.e. <1 beat/min). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations, as the most widely reported marker of sympathetic nervous system activity, showed greater increases in patients treated with amlodipine than with nifedipine GITS. The evidence indicates that both these once-daily dihydropyridine CCBs lower blood pressure effectively with minimal effects on heart rate. There are small differences between the drugs in the extent to which each activates the sympathetic nervous system with an overall non-significant trend in favour of nifedipine GITS.
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