ReviewJournal of virology2012
Pangaea and the Out-of-Africa Model of Varicella-Zoster Virus Evolution and Phylogeography.
Review in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biological relevance ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Article
- Understanding the Mode of Action of Several Active Ingredients from the Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LZONAJournal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Oral Pathogens' Substantial Burden on Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Alzheimer's, Diabetes, and Other Systemic Diseases: A Public Health Crisis-A Comprehensive Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Varicella-zoster virus recapitulates its immune evasive behaviour in matured hiPSC-derived neurospheroids.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Genomic and geographical structure of human cytomegalovirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Common Features Between Stroke Following Varicella in Children and Stroke Following Herpes Zoster in Adults : Varicella-Zoster Virus in Trigeminal Ganglion.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Human herpesvirus diversity is altered in HLA class I binding peptides.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Simian Varicella Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus Genomes.Viruses · 2022Review
- Absence of Herpesvirus DNA in Aqueous Humor from Asymptomatic Subjects.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Emergence of epidemic diseases: zoonoses and other origins.Faculty reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- Nectin-1 Is an Entry Mediator for Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human Neurons.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Recent Issues in Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency.Viruses · 2021Review
- Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Varicella-zoster virus: molecular controls of cell fusion-dependent pathogenesis.Biochemical Society transactions · 2020Review
- Viral diversity in oral cavity from Sapajus nigritus by metagenomic analyses.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus.Viruses · 2020Review
- Manipulation of the Innate Immune Response by Varicella Zoster Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The goal of this minireview is to provide an overview of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) phylogenetics and phylogeography when placed in the broad context of geologic time. Planet Earth was formed over 4 billion years ago, and the supercontinent Pangaea coalesced around 400 million years ago (mya). Based on detailed tree-building models, the base of the phylogenetic tree of the Herpesviridae family has been estimated at 400 mya. Subsequently, Pangaea split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland; in turn, Africa rifted from Gondwanaland. Based on available data, the hypothesis of this minireview is that the ancestral alphaherpesvirus VZV coevolved in simians, apes, and hominins in Africa. When anatomically modern humans first crossed over the Red Sea 60,000 years ago, VZV was carried along in their dorsal root ganglia. Currently, there are five VZV clades, distinguishable by single nucleotide polymorphisms. These clades likely represent continued VZV coevolution, as humans with latent VZV infection left Arabia and dispersed into Asia (clades 2 and 5) and Europe (clades 1, 3, and 4). The prototype VZV sequence contains nearly 125,000 bp, divided into 70 open reading frames. Generally, isolates within a clade display >99.9% identity to one another, while members of one clade compared to a second clade show 99.8% identity to one another. Recently, four different VZV genotypes that do not segregate into the previously defined five clades have been identified, a result indicating a wider than anticipated diversity among newly collected VZV strains around the world.
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