ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2012
Specific mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13, and patient prognosis in 1075 BRAF wild-type colorectal cancers.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled analysis of the prognostic and predictive effects of KRAS mutation status and KRAS mutation subtype in early-stage resected non-small-cell lung cancer in four trials of adjuvant chemotherapy.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2013Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Signet ring cell colorectal cancer: genomic insights into a rare subpopulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2019Trial
- Prognostic Value of BRAF and KRAS Mutations in MSI and MSS Stage III Colon Cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2017Trial
- Association of DNA Mismatch Repair and Mutations in BRAF and KRAS With Survival After Recurrence in Stage III Colon Cancers : A Secondary Analysis of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA oncology · 2017Trial
- Molecular markers identify subtypes of stage III colon cancer associated with patient outcomes.Gastroenterology · 2015Trial
- KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations in relation to disease-free survival in BRAF-wild-type stage III colon cancers from an adjuvant chemotherapy trial (N0147 alliance).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2014Trial
- Predictive and prognostic analysis of PIK3CA mutation in stage III colon cancer intergroup trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2013Trial
- Disrupting KRAS-AGO2 interaction: a dual-pronged strategy to sensitize chemo-immunotherapy in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Selenium Nanoparticles Selectively Target KRAS G13D to Inhibit Colorectal Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- KRASCellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Tumor vessel phenotype in colorectal cancer microenvironment according to age at diagnosis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The impact of K-Ras Gly12 mutants on homeostasis and tumorigenesis in the colonic epithelium.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Pooled single-cell screen in colorectal cancer defines transcriptional modules linked to oncogenes.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- A clinical-molecular nomogram for predicting early recurrence following resection of initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- KRAS and NRAS mutations in Nordic population-based and real-world metastatic colorectal cancer cohorts.BJC reports · 2025Article
- Regional and Gender-Based Distribution of KRAS Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Turkey: An Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Diagnostic accuracy evaluation of individual or combinational fecal immunochemical test, M3 gene, KRAS mutation and tumor methylation burden in colorectal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo assess prognostic roles of various KRAS oncogene mutations in colorectal cancer, BRAF mutation status must be controlled for because BRAF mutation is associated with poor prognosis, and almost all BRAF mutants are present among KRAS wild-type tumors. Taking into account experimental data supporting a greater oncogenic effect of codon 12 mutations compared with codon 13 mutations, we hypothesized that KRAS codon 12-mutated colorectal cancers might behave more aggressively than KRAS wild-type tumors and codon 13 mutants. EXPERIMENTAL
designUsing molecular pathological epidemiology database of 1,261 rectal and colon cancers, we examined clinical outcome and tumor biomarkers of KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations in 1,075 BRAF wild-type cancers (i.e., controlling for BRAF status). Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute mortality HR, adjusting for potential confounders, including stage, PIK3CA mutations, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and LINE-1 methylation.
resultsCompared with patients with KRAS wild-type/BRAF wild-type cancers (N = 635), those with KRAS codon 12 mutations (N = 332) experienced significantly higher colorectal cancer-specific mortality [log-rank P = 0.0001; multivariate HR, 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.67; P = 0.037], whereas KRAS codon 13-mutated cases (N = 108) were not significantly associated with prognosis. Among the seven most common KRAS mutations, c.35G>T (p.G12V; N = 93) was associated with significantly higher colorectal cancer-specific mortality (log-rank P = 0.0007; multivariate HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.38-2.90, P = 0.0003) compared with KRAS wild-type/BRAF wild-type cases.
conclusionsKRAS codon 12 mutations (in particular, c.35G>T), but not codon 13 mutations, are associated with inferior survival in BRAF wild-type colorectal cancer. Our data highlight the importance of accurate molecular characterization in colorectal cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.