ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Phosphate groups of lipid A are essential for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence and affect innate and adaptive immunity.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial lipid structural diversity mediates commensalism and pathogenesis.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- What goes around comes around: updates in the study ofInfection and immunity · 2026Review
- Outer membrane engineering through lipid A modification allows modulation ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Bioengineered systems to exploit tumor microenvironment metabolism.Trends in cancer · 2026Review
- In silico design and evaluation of a candidate multiepitope Salmonella vaccine construct targeting broad-spectrum protection in poultry.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Self-destructing attenuated adjuvant Salmonella serves as a safe and potent live vaccine adjuvant.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Immune profile diversity is achieved with synthetic TLR4 agonists combined with the RG1-VLP vaccine in mice.Vaccine · 2025Article
- EngineeredInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- VBNC Cronobacter sakazakii survives in macrophages by resisting oxidative stress and evading recognition by macrophages.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Structure-Guided Bacteria Specificity and Wide Activity Spectrum of Endotoxin-Responsive Peptide Nanonets.Nano letters · 2024Article
- Lipid A-modified Escherichia coli can produce porcine parvovirus virus-like particles with high immunogenicity and minimal endotoxin activity.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Lipid A modification of colistin-resistantInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Controlled production of lipopolysaccharides increases immune activation in Salmonella treatments of cancer.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Interrelationship ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Antiviral activity of the host defense peptide piscidin 1: investigating a membrane-mediated mode of action.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Lipid A structural diversity among members of the genusFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Position-Specific Secondary Acylation Determines Detection of Lipid A by Murine TLR4 and Caspase-11.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders: The role of lipopolysaccharide and endotoxemia.Periodontology 2000 · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lipid A is a key component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and stimulates proinflammatory responses via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MD2-CD14 pathway. Its endotoxic activity depends on the number and length of acyl chains and its phosphorylation state. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, removal of the secondary laurate or myristate chain in lipid A results in bacterial attenuation and growth defects in vitro. However, the roles of the two lipid A phosphate groups in bacterial virulence and immunogenicity remain unknown. Here, we used an S. Typhimurium msbB pagL pagP lpxR mutant, carrying penta-acylated lipid A, as the parent strain to construct a series of mutants synthesizing 1-dephosphorylated, 4'-dephosphorylated, or nonphosphorylated penta-acylated lipid A. Dephosphorylated mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to deoxycholate and showed increased resistance to polymyxin B. Removal of both phosphate groups severely attenuated the mutants when administered orally to BALB/c mice, but the mutants colonized the lymphatic tissues and were sufficiently immunogenic to protect the host from challenge with wild-type S. Typhimurium. Mice receiving S. Typhimurium with 1-dephosphorylated or nonphosphorylated penta-acylated lipid A exhibited reduced levels of cytokines. Attenuated and dephosphorylated Salmonella vaccines were able to induce adaptive immunity against heterologous (PspA of Streptococcus pneumoniae) and homologous antigens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and outer membrane proteins [OMPs]).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.