ReviewPsychopharmacology2012
A theory of behaviour on progressive ratio schedules, with applications in behavioural pharmacology.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Modulates Reward-Related Behavior: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Grin2a knockout in adolescent dopamine neurons disrupts prediction error signaling and produces a phenotype relevant to schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Multidimensional Framework for Behavioral Persistence: Dissociable Dimensions of Effort, Endurance, and Sequence Stability in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Perinatal exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alters goal-directed behavior and dopamine functioning in wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024Article
- Neural representation and modulation of volitional motivation in response to escalating efforts.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
- A novel technique for delineating the effect of variation in the learning rate on the neural correlates of reward prediction errors in model-based fMRI.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- A reinforcement learning model with choice traces for a progressive ratio schedule.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Chronic lipopolysaccharide impairs motivation when delivered to the ventricles, but not when delivered peripherally in male rats.Physiology & behavior · 2022Article
- Effects of a cue associated with cocaine or food reinforcers on extinction and postextinction return of behavior.Behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Effects of clonidine on progressive ratio schedule performance in Fmr1 knockout mice.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Precipitated Δ9-THC withdrawal reduces motivation for sucrose reinforcement in mice.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Role of the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area in Effort-Related Responding.Cerebral cortex communications · 2020Article
- Can Slot-Machine Reward Schedules Induce Gambling Addiction in Rats?Journal of gambling studies · 2019Article
- Economic demand analysis of within-session dose-reduction during nicotine self-administration.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Motivation to run measured by progressive ratio tests: Failure to support the addiction hypothesis for rats.Learning & behavior · 2019Article
- Assessment of mGluR5 KO mice under conditions of low stress using a rodent touchscreen apparatus reveals impaired behavioural flexibility driven by perseverative responses.Molecular brain · 2019Article
- Cyclohexane Inhalation Produces Long-Lasting Alterations in the Hippocampal Integrity and Reward-Seeking Behavior in the Adult Mouse.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Translational tests involving non-reward: methodological considerations.Psychopharmacology · 2019Review
- A Touchscreen Motivation Assessment Evaluated in Huntington's Disease Patients and R6/1 Model Mice.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleMathematical principles of reinforcement (MPR) provide the theoretical basis for a family of models of schedule-controlled behaviour. A model of fixed-ratio schedule performance that was applied to behaviour on progressive ratio (PR) schedules showed systematic departures from the data.
objectiveThis study aims to derive a new model from MPR that will account for overall and running response rates in the component ratios of PR schedules, and their decline toward 0, the breakpoint.
methodThe role of pausing is represented in a real-time model containing four parameters: T (0) and k are the intercept and slope of the linear relation between post-reinforcement pause duration and the prior inter-reinforcer interval; a (specific activation) measures the incentive value of the reinforcer; δ (response time) sets biomechanical limits on response rate. Running rate is predicted to decrease with negative acceleration as ratio size increments, overall rate to increase and then decrease. Differences due to type of progression are explained as hysteresis in the control by reinforcement rates. Re-analysis of extant data focuses on the effects of acute treatment with antipsychotic drugs, lesions of the nucleus accumbens core, and destruction of orexinergic neurones of the lateral hypothalamus.
resultsThe new model resolves some anomalies evident in earlier analyses, and provides new insights to the results of these interventions.
conclusionsBecause they can render biologically relevant parameters, mathematical models can provide greater power in interpreting the effects of interventions on the processes underlying schedule-controlled behaviour than is possible for first-order data such as the breakpoint.
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22752382What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.