Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22751464›Full record

ArticleCancer research2012

Differentially expressed genes regulating the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer.

Sangjun Lee, Sheila Stewart, Iris Nagtegaal, Jingqin Luo, Yun Wu, Graham Colditz, Dan Medina, D Craig Allred

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Heliyon · 2024
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Human Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Advances and Future Perspectives.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Sangjun LeeDepartments of Pathology and Immunology, Cell Molecular Biology and Physiology, Medicine, BRIGHT Institute, Biostatistics, and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Sheila Stewart
Iris Nagtegaal
Jingqin Luo
Yun Wu
Graham Colditz
Dan Medina
D Craig Allred
University Medical Center · USRadboud University Nijmegen · NLBaylor College of Medicine · USRadboud University Medical Center · NL

Funding

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN BREAST CANCER DEVELOPMENTP50CA058183 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR SAN ANT · PI GUTIERREZ, CAROLLINA · 1992 to 2012
$30.9M
ST LOUIS BREAST TISSUE REGISTRYU01CA062773 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ALLRED, DONALD CRAIG · 1993 to 2008
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058183NCI NIH HHS P50CA58183NCI NIH HHS U01 CA062773
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Molecular mechanisms mediating the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer remain largely unknown. We used gene expression profiling of human DCIS (n = 53) and invasive breast cancer (n = 51) to discover uniquely expressed genes that may also regulate progression. There were 470 total differentially expressed genes (≥2-fold; P < 0.05). Elevated expression of genes involved in synthesis and organization of extracellular matrix was particularly prominent in the epithelium of invasive breast cancer. The degree of overlap of the genes with nine similar studies in the literature was determined to help prioritize their potential importance, resulting in 74 showing overlap in ≥2 studies (average 3.6 studies/gene; range 2-8 studies). Using hierarchical clustering, the 74-gene profile correctly categorized 96% of samples in this study and 94% of samples from 3 similar independent studies. To study the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer in vivo, we introduced human DCIS cell lines engineered to express specific genes into a "mammary intraductal DCIS" xenograft model. Progression of xenografts to invasive breast cancer was dramatically increased by suppressing four genes that were usually elevated in clinical samples of DCIS, including a protease inhibitor (CSTA) and genes involved in cell adhesion and signaling (FAT1, DST, and TMEM45A), strongly suggesting that they normally function to suppress progression. In summary, we have identified unique gene expression profiles of human DCIS and invasive breast cancer, which include novel genes regulating tumor progression. Targeting some of these genes may improve the detection, diagnosis, and therapy of DCIS.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticAnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Ductal, BreastCarcinoma, Intraductal, NoninfiltratingCell LineCluster AnalysisDisease ProgressionFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGenes, Tumor SuppressorHumansMiceMice, SCIDMolecular Sequence AnnotationNeoplasm Invasiveness

Identifiers

PMID22751464
PMCPMC3899801
OpenAlexW2161368206

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.