ArticleExperimental and molecular pathology2013
Sex differences in TLR2 and TLR4 expression and their effect on coxsackievirus-induced autoimmune myocarditis.
Article in Experimental and molecular pathology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiomyocyte β-arrestins mediate inflammation and cGAS-STING activation in CVB3 viral myocarditis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in symptoms following the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children below 5 years of age in Germany (CoVacU5): a retrospective cohort study.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Sex and Age Characteristics in Acute or Chronic Myocarditis A Descriptive, Multicenter Cohort Study.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Therapeutic effects of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles on viral myocarditis correlate with biomolecular content.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The inflammatory spectrum of cardiomyopathies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Reconstituted Extracellular Vesicles from Human Platelets Decrease Viral Myocarditis in Mice.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2023Article
- Article
- Sex and age differences in AMPK phosphorylation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and inflammation in hearts from inflammatory cardiomyopathy patients.Aging cell · 2023Article
- Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: An update.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Global burden of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in children and prediction for 2035 based on the global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Meeting the Challenges of Myocarditis: New Opportunities for Prevention, Detection, and Intervention-A Report from the 2021 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Estrogen Suppresses Cytokines Release in cc4821Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Th Responses in Viral Myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Effects of Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition on spatial memory and cell proliferation in male and female adult and aged mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Human cardiac fibroblasts produce pro-inflammatory cytokines upon TLRs and RLRs stimulation.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- Review
- Sex-Specific Differences of the Inflammatory State in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Toll-Like Receptors Contribute to Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Regulation.Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2020Review
- Lupeol alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice via downregulating toll-like receptor 4.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- Sex, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular disease risk.Biology of sex differences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection of C57Bl/6 mice shows a sex bias with males developing more severe cardiac inflammation than females because males develop a Th1 inflammatory response, whereas females develop a Th2 response. Since their discovery, Toll-like receptors have been shown to play an important role in the development of the immune response against harmful pathogens. To assess the role of TLRs in coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis wild type and Toll-like receptor 2-/- male and female mice were infected and assessed for viral replication, myocarditis, helper T-cell generation, and regulatory T-cell generation. TLR2-/- mice show reduced Th1 expression compared to controls. Treatment of wild type mice with either Pam3CSK4 (TLR2) or LPS (TLR4) specific TLR agonists resulted in increased Th1 expression in male and female mice and a decrease in FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells in male mice. The suppression of T regulatory cells by TLR signaling in males but not females correlates with the increased myocarditis susceptibility of the males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.