ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2013
Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines in first-episode psychosis.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Interrelationships between Cytokines and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of IL-6/IL-6R axis alterations in serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with the schizophrenia: an updated review and meta-analysis of 58 studies.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Peripheral Inflammation in Clinical Outcome and Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Immune Parameters, Variability, and Assessment of Modal Distribution in Psychosis and Test of the Immune Subgroup Hypothesis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Pooled it
- Associations Between Non-neurological Autoimmune Disorders and Psychosis: A Meta-analysis.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Early Onset First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of psychotropic drugs on inflammation: consequence or mediator of therapeutic effects in psychiatric treatment?Psychopharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- The promise of biological markers for treatment response in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2015Pooled it
- Protective Effect of the MCP-1 Gene Haplotype against Schizophrenia.BioMed research international · 2019Trial
- Cytokines in First-Episode Psychosis: Implications for Pathophysiology: A Narrative Literature Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Maternal immune activation during gestation modulates offspring immune profiles in a nonhuman primate model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Social connections are differentially related to subjective age and physiological age acceleration amongst older adults.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cytokine changes in clinical high risk for psychosis population following antipsychotic medication.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Differential effect of cannabis use and antipsychotic medication on extracellular free-water in the brain of individuals with early psychosis and controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Natural-cause mortality and C-reactive protein levels in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A prospective total cohort study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Clinical Relevance of Peripheral Interleukins in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis: Symptom-Specific Associations from the PANSS Dimensions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Recent cannabis use affects the association between baseline immune markers and long-term outcomes in psychosis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Molecular Evidence for Altered Angiogenesis in Neuroinflammation-Associated Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Implicate an Abnormal Midbrain Blood-Brain Barrier.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An inflammatory syndrome has been previously reported in chronic schizophrenia. The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) serum levels and leukocyte gene expression of cytokines in patients with first-episode psychosis and controls; and (2) possible causes of abnormal cytokine levels in first-episode psychosis, testing their association with psychosocial stressors, current nicotine and cannabis use, and duration of antipsychotic treatment. We recruited 24 first-episode psychosis patients and 24 healthy controls matched for age, gender, ethnicity and body mass index. Serum interleukin(IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Tumour Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α), Interferon- γ (IFN-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were analysed in all subjects. Leukocyte gene expression analyses were conducted only for those cytokines that were different between-groups in the serum analyses. Patients had significantly higher serum levels of IL-1α (effect size d=0.6, p=0.03), IL-1β (d=0.4, p=0.01), IL-8 (d=0.6, p=0.01) and TNF-α (d=0.7, p=0.05) and a trend for higher IL-6 serum levels (d=0.3, p=0.09) when compared with controls. Leukocyte m-RNA levels of IL-1α (d=0.6, p=0.04), IL-6 (d=0.7, p=0.01) and TNF-α (d=1.6, p<0.001), but not IL-1β and IL-8, were also significantly higher in patients. A history of childhood trauma was associated with higher TNF-α serum levels (p=0.01), while more recent stressful life-events were associated with higher TNF-α mRNA levels in leukocytes (p=0.002). In conclusion, first-episode psychosis is characterised by a pro-inflammatory state supported, at least in part, by activation of leukocytes. Past and recent stressors contribute to this pro-inflammatory state.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.