ArticlePloS one2012
Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion induces reperfusion and blood-brain barrier protection in the photothrombotic stroke model.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation: a comprehensive evaluation across diseases in randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Stimulating the Facial Nerve to Treat Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Neurogenic Cerebral Edema: Proposed Mechanism for Vasogenic Cerebral Edema.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation for the treatment of cerebrovascular ischemia.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Review
- Three Pillars of Recovery After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Multi-Target and Multi-Phase Adjunctive Cerebral Protection for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Reperfusion Era.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Article
- Neurostimulation for treatment of post-stroke impairments.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Promising Cerebral Blood Flow Enhancers in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Induction of Collateral Flow.Translational stroke research · 2023Review
- Potential mechanisms of acupuncture in enhancing cerebral perfusion of ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Effect of Cerebral Ischemic Strokes in Different Cerebral Artery Regions on Left Ventricular Function.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Neuroprotection in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Battle Against the Biology of Nature.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Regulation of Blood Flow in the Cerebral Posterior Circulation by Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers: Physiological Background and Possible Clinical Implications in Patients With Vertebrobasilar Stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Article
- Electrical Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Has No Impact on Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations after Cerebral Photothrombosis in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Perivascular neurotransmitters: Regulation of cerebral blood flow and role in primary headaches.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2019Review
- Protecting the ischaemic penumbra as an adjunct to thrombectomy for acute stroke.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2018Review
- Facial nerve stimulation in normal pigs and healthy human volunteers: transitional development of a medical device for the emergency treatment of ischemic stroke.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe treatment of stroke remains a challenge. Animal studies showing that electrical stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) exerts beneficial effects in the treatment of stroke have led to the initiation of clinical studies. However, the detailed effects of SPG stimulation on the injured brain are not known.
methodsThe effect of acute SPG stimulation was studied by direct vascular imaging, fluorescent angiography and laser Doppler flowmetry in the sensory motor cortex of the anaesthetized rat. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the rose bengal (RB) photothrombosis method. In chronic experiments, SPG stimulation, starting 15 min or 24 h after photothrombosis, was given for 3 h per day on four consecutive days. Structural damage was assessed using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Cortical functions were assessed by quantitative analysis of epidural electro-corticographic (ECoG) activity continuously recorded in behaving animals.
resultsStimulation induced intensity- and duration-dependent vasodilation and increased cerebral blood flow in both healthy and photothrombotic brains. In SPG-stimulated rats both blood brain-barrier (BBB) opening, pathological brain activity and lesion volume were attenuated compared to untreated stroke animals, with no apparent difference in the glial response surrounding the necrotic lesion.
conclusionSPG-stimulation in rats induces vasodilation of cortical arterioles, partial reperfusion of the ischemic lesion, and normalization of brain functions with reduced BBB dysfunction and stroke volume. These findings support the potential therapeutic effect of SPG stimulation in focal cerebral ischemia even when applied 24 h after stroke onset and thus may extend the therapeutic window of currently administered stroke medications.
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Registered trials
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