ArticleMolecular pharmacology2012
Anacardic acid inhibits the catalytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9.
Article in Molecular pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Plant-Derived Compounds on Tooth Erosion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Situ and In Vitro Studies.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Pooled it
- Saturated anacardic acid preserves root dentin collagen under cariogenic challenge.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Granulosa Cell-Secreted KITL Is Involved in Maintaining Zinc Homeostasis in the Oocytes of Neonatal Mouse Ovaries.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Nature to Drug: Overview and CADD Approach of Anacardic Acid to Propose their Biological Potential.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Antagonistic effectiveness of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract on lead-acetate exposure-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2023Article
- Sustainable multifunctional phenolic lipids as potential therapeutics in Dentistry.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Anacardic acid-mediated regulation of osteoblast differentiation involves mitigation of inflammasome activation pathways.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- An efficient chemical screening method for structure-based inhibitors to nucleic acid enzymes targeting the DNA repair-replication interface and SARS CoV-2.Methods in enzymology · 2021Article
- Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antioxidant Properties of Anacardic Acid in Experimental Models.ACS omega · 2020Article
- RECK and TIMP-2 mediate inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 byJournal of biosciences · 2020Article
- Review
- Role of growth factors and cytokines in diabetic foot ulcer healing: A detailed review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2019Review
- Article
- (I-3,II-3)-Biacacetin-mediated cell death involves mitochondria.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2019Article
- Clove Bud Oil Modulates Pathogenicity Phenotypes of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The aspirin metabolite salicylate inhibits lysine acetyltransferases and MUC1 induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The Inhibitory Effect of C-phycocyanin Containing Protein Extract (C-PC Extract) on Human Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in Hepatocellular Cancer Cell Line (HepG2).The protein journal · 2017Article
- Anacardic Acid Constituents from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: NMR Characterization and the Effect of Unsaturation on Its Biological Activities.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -3 Expression inFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. To further define the mechanism of CNSL action, we investigated the effect of cashew nut shell extract (CNSE) on two matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2/gelatinase A and MMP-9/gelatinase B, which are known to have critical roles in several disease states. We observed that the major constituent of CNSE, anacardic acid, markedly inhibited the gelatinase activity of 3T3-L1 cells. Our gelatin zymography studies on these two secreted gelatinases, present in the conditioned media from 3T3-L1 cells, established that anacardic acid directly inhibited the catalytic activities of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our docking studies suggested that anacardic acid binds into the MMP-2/9 active site, with the carboxylate group of anacardic acid chelating the catalytic zinc ion and forming a hydrogen bond to a key catalytic glutamate side chain and the C15 aliphatic group being accommodated within the relatively large S1' pocket of these gelatinases. In agreement with the docking results, our fluorescence-based studies on the recombinant MMP-2 catalytic core domain demonstrated that anacardic acid directly inhibits substrate peptide cleavage in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 11.11 μM. In addition, our gelatinase zymography and fluorescence data confirmed that the cardol-cardanol mixture, salicylic acid, and aspirin, all of which lack key functional groups present in anacardic acid, are much weaker MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitors. Our results provide the first evidence for inhibition of gelatinase catalytic activity by anacardic acid, providing a novel template for drug discovery and a molecular mechanism potentially involved in CNSL therapeutic action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.