ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2012
A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8,273 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8,273 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16,935 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- CRISPR/Cas Systems: Biological Basis and Genome Editing Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Production and Purification of Cas9 Protein for Ribonucleoprotein Complex Formation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Protocol Development for CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of the Anti-inflammatory Protein TNIP1 in HaCaT Keratinocytes.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Conditional dCas12-Mediated Gene Knockdown and Complementation in Chlamydia.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Production of Lentiviral Vectors Encoding the CRISPR-Cas13d System for RNA Targeting.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Electroporation for High-Efficiency Delivery of CRISPR to Hematopoietic Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Article
- CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for enhancing grain quality traits in rice (Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Review
- Machine-learning in optimization of CRISPR technology.Machine learning. Health · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in plant defense: linking signaling networks to metabolomics-driven insights.Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Review
- Non-Viral CRISPR carriers: transient delivery with lasting effects.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Cas12a chRDNA-mediatedMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- CasNano: An ultracompact CRISPR-Cas12f with a GC-rich PAM for epigenome editing with therapeutic potential.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Menaquinone biosynthesis inEngineering microbiology · 2026Review
- Efficient PE system PE7-scFv-MLH1dn by optimizing the configuration of La and MLH1dn.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 mediates precise and efficient gene editing inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- Genetically engineered hypoimmunogenic iPSCs: Strategies and considerations for clinical applications.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- Market introduction of plant varieties and products with gene-edited traits.GM crops & food · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of theGM crops & food · 2026Article
8,213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids by using CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to guide the silencing of invading nucleic acids. We show here that in a subset of these systems, the mature crRNA that is base-paired to trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) forms a two-RNA structure that directs the CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 to introduce double-stranded (ds) breaks in target DNA. At sites complementary to the crRNA-guide sequence, the Cas9 HNH nuclease domain cleaves the complementary strand, whereas the Cas9 RuvC-like domain cleaves the noncomplementary strand. The dual-tracrRNA:crRNA, when engineered as a single RNA chimera, also directs sequence-specific Cas9 dsDNA cleavage. Our study reveals a family of endonucleases that use dual-RNAs for site-specific DNA cleavage and highlights the potential to exploit the system for RNA-programmable genome editing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.