ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2013
Protocadherin 11X/Y a human-specific gene pair: an immunohistochemical survey of fetal and adult brains.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic sex differences in early human fetal brain development.Communications biology · 2025Article
- High-throughput mRNA sequencing of human placenta shows sex differences across gestation.Placenta · 2024Article
- Innovative Family-Based Genetically Informed Series of Analyses of Whole-Exome Data Supports Likely Inheritance for Grammar in Children with Specific Language Impairment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- CellSIUS provides sensitive and specific detection of rare cell populations from complex single-cell RNA-seq data.Genome biology · 2019Article
- Article
- Spatial sexual dimorphism of X and Y homolog gene expression in the human central nervous system during early male development.Biology of sex differences · 2016Article
- Sexually dimorphic white matter geometry abnormalities in adolescent onset schizophrenia.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2014Article
- Brain morphology in children with 47, XYY syndrome: a voxel- and surface-based morphometric study.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2014Article
- Protocadherin 11 x regulates differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cell in vitro and in vivo.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2014Article
- Schizophrenia and cortical blindness: protective effects and implications for language.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2014Article
- The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: origins and current status.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2013Review
- Genetic insights into the functional elements of language.Human genetics · 2013Review
- The protocadherin 11X/Y (PCDH11X/Y) gene pair as determinant of cerebral asymmetry in modern Homo sapiens.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2013Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Protocadherins 11X and 11Y are cell adhesion molecules of the δ1-protocadherin family. Pcdh11X is present throughout the mammalian radiation; however, 6 million years ago (MYA), a reduplicative translocation of the Xq21.3 block onto what is now human Yp11 created the Homo sapiens-specific PCDH11Y. Therefore, modern human females express PCDH11X whereas males express both PCDH11X and PCDH11Y. PCDH11X/Y has been subject to accelerated evolution resulting in human-specific changes to both proteins, most notably 2 cysteine substitutions in the PCDH11X ectodomain that may alter binding characteristics. The PCDH11X/Y gene pair is postulated to be critical to aspects of human brain evolution related to the neural correlates of language. Therefore, we raised antibodies to investigate the temporal and spatial expression of PCDH11X/Y in cortical and sub-cortical areas of the human fetal brain between 12 and 34 postconceptional weeks. We then used the antibodies to determine if this expression was consistent in a series of adult brains. PCDH11X/Y immunoreactivity was detectable at all developmental stages. Strong expression was detected in the fetal neocortex, ganglionic eminences, cerebellum, and inferior olive. In the adult brain, the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, and cerebellum were strongly immunoreactive, with expression also detectable in the brainstem.
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