ArticleNucleic acids research2012
Spacer-length dependence of programmed -1 or -2 ribosomal frameshifting on a U6A heptamer supports a role for messenger RNA (mRNA) tension in frameshifting.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- VARIANT: Web Server for Decoding and Analyzing Viral Mutations at Genome and Protein Levels.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Development of a tetracycline-inducible programmed ribosomal frameshifting platform for sensitive regulation of mammalian gene expression.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Ribosome-induced mRNA pseudoknot interactions visualized by DMS MaP-Seq.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The influence of downstream structured elements within mRNA on the dynamics of intersubunit rotation in ribosomes.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Biological Significance and Therapeutic Promise of Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Heterogeneous and multiple conformational transition pathways between pseudoknots of the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift element.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- RNA elements required for the high efficiency of West Nile virus-induced ribosomal frameshifting.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Modular Polymerase Synthesis and Internal Protein Domain Swapping via Dual Opposed Frameshifts in the Ebola Virus L Gene.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Environment modulates protein heterogeneity through transcriptional and translational stop codon readthrough.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Programmable modulation of ribosomal frameshifting by mRNA targeting CRISPR-Cas12a system.iScience · 2023Article
- Atomistic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudoknot in solution from SAXS-driven molecular dynamics.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Structural and Functional Insights into Viral Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting.Annual review of virology · 2023Review
- RNA levers and switches controlling viral gene expression.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2023Review
- Thinking Outside the Frame: Impacting Genomes Capacity by Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 Programmed -1 Ribosomal Frameshifting Element Crystal Structure Solved to 2.09 Å Using Chaperone-Assisted RNA Crystallography.ACS chemical biology · 2021Article
- Structural basis of ribosomal frameshifting during translation of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Programmed Deviations of Ribosomes From Standard Decoding in Archaea.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- High-throughput interrogation of programmed ribosomal frameshifting in human cells.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Translational recoding: canonical translation mechanisms reinterpreted.Nucleic acids research · 2020Review
- The energy landscape of -1 ribosomal frameshifting.Science advances · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is employed in the expression of a number of viral and cellular genes. In this process, the ribosome slips backwards by a single nucleotide and continues translation of an overlapping reading frame, generating a fusion protein. Frameshifting signals comprise a heptanucleotide slippery sequence, where the ribosome changes frame, and a stimulatory RNA structure, a stem-loop or RNA pseudoknot. Antisense oligonucleotides annealed appropriately 3' of a slippery sequence have also shown activity in frameshifting, at least in vitro. Here we examined frameshifting at the U6A slippery sequence of the HIV gag/pol signal and found high levels of both -1 and -2 frameshifting with stem-loop, pseudoknot or antisense oligonucleotide stimulators. By examining -1 and -2 frameshifting outcomes on mRNAs with varying slippery sequence-stimulatory RNA spacing distances, we found that -2 frameshifting was optimal at a spacer length 1-2 nucleotides shorter than that optimal for -1 frameshifting with all stimulatory RNAs tested. We propose that the shorter spacer increases the tension on the mRNA such that when the tRNA detaches, it more readily enters the -2 frame on the U6A heptamer. We propose that mRNA tension is central to frameshifting, whether promoted by stem-loop, pseudoknot or antisense oligonucleotide stimulator.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.