ArticlePloS one2012
Changes in global gene expression associated with 3D structure of tumors: an ex vivo matrix-free mesothelioma spheroid model.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Establishment of a 3D Multicellular HCC Tumor Spheroid Model to Unravel Nrf2's Influence on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Validation of chemoresistance phenotypes in pleural mesothelioma across 2D, 3D, and in vivo models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Imaging cell spheroid clusters: An MRI protocol for non-invasive standardized characterization.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Article
- Modeling intratumor heterogeneity in breast cancer.Biofabrication · 2024Review
- Clinical Perspectives and Novel Preclinical Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Critical Review.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Spheroid Drug Sensitivity Screening in Glioma Stem Cell Lines.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2024Article
- Three-DimensionalInternational journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Axl and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors Exhibit Variations in Membrane Localization and Heterogeneity Across Monolayer and Spheroid High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Models.GEN biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- From cell spheroids to vascularized cancer organoids: Microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip models for preclinical drug evaluations.Biomicrofluidics · 2021Review
- Review
- Engineered in vitro tumor models for cell-based immunotherapy.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Review
- Therapeutic response differences between 2D and 3D tumor models of magnetic hyperthermia.Nanoscale advances · 2021Review
- An integrated framework for quantifying immune-tumour interactions in a 3D co-culture model.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Double emulsion-pretreated microwell culture for the in vitro production of multicellular spheroids and their in situ analysis.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2021Article
- Preclinical Models and Resources to Facilitate Basic Science Research on Malignant Mesothelioma - A Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Patient-Derived Papillary Thyroid Cancer Organoids for Radioactive Iodine Refractory Screening.Cancers · 2020Article
- Image Analysis of 3D Conjunctival Melanoma Cell Cultures Following Electrochemotherapy.Biomedicines · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments present significant barriers to anti-tumor agents. Molecules involved in multicellular tumor microenvironments, however, are difficult to study ex vivo. Here, we generated a matrix-free tumor spheroid model using the NCI-H226 mesothelioma cell line and compared the gene expression profiles of spheroids and monolayers using microarray analysis. Microarray analysis revealed that 142 probe sets were differentially expressed between tumor spheroids and monolayers. Gene ontology analysis revealed that upregulated genes were primarily related to immune response, wound response, lymphocyte stimulation and response to cytokine stimulation, whereas downregulated genes were primarily associated with apoptosis. Among the 142 genes, 27 are located in the membrane and related to biologic processes of cellular movement, cell-to-cell signaling, cellular growth and proliferation and morphology. Western blot analysis validated elevation of MMP2, BAFF/BLyS/TNFSF13B, RANTES/CCL5 and TNFAIP6/TSG-6 protein expression in spheroids as compared to monolayers. Thus, we have reported the first large scale comparison of the transcriptional profiles using an ex vivo matrix-free spheroid model to identify genes specific to the three-dimensional biological structure of tumors. The method described here can be used for gene expression profiling of tumors other than mesothelioma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.