ArticlePLoS pathogens2012
Human breast milk and antiretrovirals dramatically reduce oral HIV-1 transmission in BLT humanized mice.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The promise and perils of humanized mice: workshop report from the 29th scientific conference of the society on NeuroImmune pharmacology (SNIP).NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- In situ analysis of neuronal injury and neuroinflammation during HIV-1 infection.Retrovirology · 2024Article
- A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection.Nature biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Loss of In Vivo Replication Fitness of HIV-1 Variants Resistant to the Tat Inhibitor, dCA.Viruses · 2023Article
- HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of IgG Isotype on the Induction of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis of HIV by Human Milk Leukocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- HIV co-infection augments EBV-induced tumorigenesisFrontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A new engineering process of biodegradable polymeric solid implants for ultra-long-acting drug delivery.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2021Article
- Mother-to-Child Transmission of Arboviruses during Breastfeeding: From Epidemiology to Cellular Mechanisms.Viruses · 2021Review
- Potential Dietary Interventions for COVID-19 Infection Based on the Gut-Immune Axis: An Update Review on Bioactive Component of Macronutrients.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021Review
- Moving beyond the mousetrap: current and emerging humanized mouse and rat models for investigating prevention and cure strategies against HIV infection and associated pathologies.Retrovirology · 2020Review
- Review
- Humanized Mice for Live-Attenuated Vaccine Research: From Unmet Potential to New Promises.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Small Animal Models for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis: Proceedings of an NIAID Workshop.Current HIV research · 2020Article
- Ultra-long-acting tunable biodegradable and removable controlled release implants for drug delivery.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Determinants of Tenascin-C and HIV-1 envelope binding and neutralization.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
- Article
- Detection of Zika virus in mouse mammary gland and breast milk.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Currently, over 15% of new HIV infections occur in children. Breastfeeding is a major contributor to HIV infections in infants. This represents a major paradox in the field because in vitro, breast milk has been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on HIV infectivity. However, this inhibitory effect has never been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we address this important paradox using the first humanized mouse model of oral HIV transmission. We established that reconstitution of the oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mice with human leukocytes, including the human cell types important for mucosal HIV transmission (i.e. dendritic cells, macrophages and CD4⁺ T cells), renders them susceptible to oral transmission of cell-free and cell-associated HIV. Oral transmission of HIV resulted in systemic infection of lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues that is characterized by the presence of HIV RNA in plasma and a gradual decline of CD4⁺ T cells in peripheral blood. Consistent with infection of the oral cavity, we observed virus shedding into saliva. We then evaluated the role of human breast milk on oral HIV transmission. Our in vivo results demonstrate that breast milk has a strong inhibitory effect on oral transmission of both cell-free and cell-associated HIV. Finally, we evaluated the effect of antiretrovirals on oral transmission of HIV. Our results show that systemic antiretrovirals administered prior to exposure can efficiently prevent oral HIV transmission in BLT mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.