Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22734061›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2012

Grist and mills: on the cultural origins of cultural learning.

Cecilia Heyes

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Anti-social learning: The impact of language on mentalizing.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2025
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  3. Review
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  7. The cultural evolution of teaching.Evolutionary human sciences · 2023
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  17. Human Teaching and Cumulative Cultural Evolution.Review of philosophy and psychology · 2018
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Cecilia HeyesAll Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. cecilia.heyes@all-souls.ox.ac.uk

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cumulative cultural evolution is what 'makes us odd'; our capacity to learn facts and techniques from others, and to refine them over generations, plays a major role in making human minds and lives radically different from those of other animals. In this article, I discuss cognitive processes that are known collectively as 'cultural learning' because they enable cumulative cultural evolution. These cognitive processes include reading, social learning, imitation, teaching, social motivation and theory of mind. Taking the first of these three types of cultural learning as examples, I ask whether and to what extent these cognitive processes have been adapted genetically or culturally to enable cumulative cultural evolution. I find that recent empirical work in comparative psychology, developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience provides surprisingly little evidence of genetic adaptation, and ample evidence of cultural adaptation. This raises the possibility that it is not only 'grist' but also 'mills' that are culturally inherited; through social interaction in the course of development, we not only acquire facts about the world and how to deal with it (grist), we also build the cognitive processes that make 'fact inheritance' possible (mills).

Indexed as

Cultural EvolutionAdaptation, BiologicalAnimalsHumansImitative BehaviorInterpersonal RelationsLearningMirror NeuronsModels, BiologicalMotivationReadingSelection, GeneticSocial AdjustmentTheory of Mind

Identifiers

PMID22734061
PMCPMC3385685

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.