Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22732194›Full record

ArticleJournal of immunological methods2012

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blocking with bovine serum albumin (BSA)--not all BSAs are alike.

Yuhong Xiao, Stuart N Isaacs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of immunological methods, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Development of ELISA Assay for Antibody Detection in Cancer Vaccine Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Blocking Nonspecific Interactions Using Y-Shape Poly(ethylene glycol).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yuhong XiaoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Stuart N Isaacs
University of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

Vaccine strategy for broad spectrum protection agains non-typhoidal salmonellU54AI057168 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI LEVINE, MYRON MAX · 2003 to 2013
$91.5M
Optimizing the formulation of a protein based smallpox vaccineU01AI077913 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ISAACS, STUART N. · 2008 to 2012
$2.5M
Smallpox vaccine and vaccinia complement control proteinU01AI066333 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ISAACS, STUART N. · 2005 to 2009
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI066333NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI077913NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI057168
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an extremely common and powerful laboratory technique for detecting proteins by antibodies. Researchers frequently use bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a blocking agent to prevent non-specific binding of antigens and antibodies to the microtiter well. While studying the interactions of the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP) with complement, we found non-specific binding of VCP to BSA and identify a BSA preparation that did not result in non-specific binding. This work draws attention to the fact that not all BSA preparations are alike. It also highlights the need to perform critical controls to ensure that ELISA reactants do not inappropriately bind to the blocking agent.

Indexed as

AnimalsBinding, CompetitiveCattleComplement C3bCross ReactionsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHumansProtein BindingReproducibility of ResultsSerum Albumin, BovineViral ProteinsComplement C3bcomplement-control protein, Vaccinia virusSerum Albumin, BovineViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID22732194
PMCPMC3432671
OpenAlexW2014039570

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.