ArticleFree radical biology & medicine2012
Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation reduces photooxidative damage and modulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Article in Free radical biology & medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an umbrella analysis of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A dose-response meta-analysis of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake in relation to risk of age-related cataract.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2014Pooled it
- Macular peeling-induced retinal damage: clinical and histopathological evaluation after using different dyes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Trial
- Short-term efficacy and safety of transcleral lutein iontophoresis in patients with intermediate amd and reticular pseudodrusen: A retrospective study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of Lutein Supplementation on Liver Health, Oxidative Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Growth Performance in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Eye Health: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Formulation and evaluation of probucol-LCA nanoparticles for supressing oxidative stress-related retinal degeneration.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Advances in Synthetic Strategies for Microalgal Carotenoid Enhancement and Emerging Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Non-invasive pharmacological advances in early retinopathy treatment: bioactive herbal compounds, polymer delivery systems, and computational bioprospecting of functional targets.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Freeze-Dried Extracts ofPreventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species: Shaping Human Health and Disease Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Health Benefits of Broccoli-A Review of Glucosinolates, Phenolics and Antimicrobial Peptides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Carotenoids for Antiaging: Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmeceutical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multicomponent Dietary Supplementation: Impact on Tear Secretion and Ocular Surface Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Safety profile of lutein-based blue dyes and surgical lights.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Impact of Dietary Antioxidant Supplements on Atrophic Lesion Progression in Stargardt Disease: A Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Macular Pigment Assessment in Indian Population Using Degree of Polarization Threshold: Impact of Diet on Macular Pigment Density.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Oxidative damage and inflammation are related to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Epidemiologic studies suggest that insufficient dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake or lower serum zeaxanthin levels are associated with increased risk for AMD. The objective of this work is to test the protective effects of lutein and zeaxanthin against photooxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and oxidation-induced changes in expression of inflammation-related genes. To mimic lipofuscin-mediated photooxidation in vivo, we used ARPE-19 cells that accumulated A2E, a lipofuscin fluorophore and photosensitizer, as a model system to investigate the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation. The data show that supplementation with lutein or zeaxanthin in the medium resulted in accumulation of lutein or zeaxanthin in the RPE cells. The concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in the cells were 2- to 14-fold of that detected in the medium, indicating that ARPE-19 cells actively take up lutein or zeaxanthin. As compared with untreated cells, exposure of A2E-containing RPE to blue light resulted in a 40-60% decrease in proteasome activity, a 50-80% decrease in expression of CFH and MCP-1, and an~20-fold increase in expression of IL-8. The photooxidation-induced changes in expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and CFH were similar to those caused by chemical inhibition of the proteasome, suggesting that inactivation of the proteasome is involved in the photooxidation-induced alteration in expression of these inflammation-related genes. Incubation of the A2E-containing RPE with lutein or zeaxanthin prior to blue light exposure significantly attenuated the photooxidation-induced inactivation of the proteasome and photooxidation-induced changes in expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and CFH. Together, these data indicate that lutein or zeaxanthin modulates inflammatory responses in cultured RPE in response to photooxidation. Protecting the proteasome from oxidative inactivation appears to be one of the mechanisms by which lutein and zeaxanthin modulate the inflammatory response. Similar mechanisms may explain salutary effects of lutein and zeaxanthin in reducing the risk for AMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.