ArticlePediatrics2012
Allergic reactions to foods in preschool-aged children in a prospective observational food allergy study.
Article in Pediatrics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00356174 (A Prospective Cohort Study of Immune Mechanisms, Genetic Factors, and Clinical and Environmental Characteristics Associated With the Occurrence and Clinical Outcome of Food Allergy), which is not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Immune Mechanisms, Genetic Factors, and Clinical and Environmental Characteristics Associated With the Occurrence and Clinical Outcome of Food Allergy (CoFAR2)
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Incidence of fatal food anaphylaxis in people with food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2013Pooled it
- Omalizumab for the Treatment of Multiple Food Allergies.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Trial
- Open-label study of the efficacy, safety, and durability of peanut sublingual immunotherapy in peanut-allergic children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy in children aged 1-3 years with peanut allergy (the Immune Tolerance Network IMPACT trial): a randomised placebo-controlled study.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Long-term sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy in children: Clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Trial
- Epicutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy in children and young adults.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Trial
- Long-term treatment with egg oral immunotherapy enhances sustained unresponsiveness that persists after cessation of therapy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2016Trial
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of omalizumab combined with oral immunotherapy for the treatment of cow's milk allergy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2016Trial
- Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2013Trial
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Food Allergy and Its Association With Asthma Coexistence and Severity in Bangladeshi Schoolchildren: A GIS-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Recent Advances in Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergies.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Flying with nut and other food allergies: unravelling fact from fiction.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Review
- Advocating for the vulnerable: addressing anaphylaxis in infancy through awareness, research, and policy.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Clinical and Treatment Evaluation of Anaphylaxis in Children Aged 0-2 Years: Multicenter Study.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Effects of Food Processing on Allergenicity.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Omalizumab Implementation in Practice: Lessons Learned From the OUtMATCH Study.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Article
- Parental knowledge and attitudes toward food allergies: a cross-sectional study on determinants and educational needs.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Infant anaphylaxis and epinephrine use: Can we improve acute management?Journal of food allergy · 2024Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine circumstances of allergic reactions to foods in a cohort of preschool-aged children.
methodsWe conducted a prospective, 5-site observational study of 512 infants aged 3 to 15 months with documented or likely allergy to milk or egg, and collected data prospectively examining allergic reactions.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 36 months (range: 0-48.4), the annualized reaction rate was 0.81 per year (367/512 subjects reporting 1171 reactions [95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.85]). Overall, 269/512 (52.5%) reported >1 reaction. The majority of reactions (71.2%) were triggered by milk (495 [42.3%]), egg (246 [21.0%]), and peanut (93 [7.9%]), with accidental exposures attributed to unintentional ingestion, label-reading errors, and cross-contact. Foods were provided by persons other than parents in 50.6% of reactions. Of 834 reactions to milk, egg, or peanut, 93 (11.2%) were attributed to purposeful exposures to these avoided foods. A higher number of food allergies (P < .0001) and higher food-specific immunoglobulin E (P < .0001) were associated with reactions. Of the 11.4% of reactions (n = 134) that were severe, 29.9% were treated with epinephrine. Factors resulting in undertreatment included lack of recognition of severity, epinephrine being unavailable, and fears about epinephrine administration.
conclusionsThere was a high frequency of reactions caused by accidental and nonaccidental exposures. Undertreatment of severe reactions with epinephrine was a substantial problem. Areas for improved education include the need for constant vigilance, accurate label reading, avoidance of nonaccidental exposure, prevention of cross-contamination, appropriate epinephrine administration, and education of all caretakers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.