SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2012
Probiotics' effects on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sarcopenia-related traits and risk of falls in older adults: results from meta-analysis of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analyses.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Role of probiotic supplementation in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia among critically ill patients-a critical umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics on intestinal permeability in critically ill children with sepsis: preliminary results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- The dynamic linkage between covid-19 and nutrition: a review from a probiotics perspective using machine learning and bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and mortality predictors for severe childhood community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs: A retrospective observational study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Synbiotics in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated events, and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2022Article
- Probiotics in Critically Ill Patients: An Umbrella Review.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2022Article
- Probiotics in the Intensive Care Unit.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effects of Probiotics in Conditions or Infections Similar to COVID-19 on Health Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2021Article
- Altered Ecology of the Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Nosocomial Pneumonia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2021Article
- Efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of VAP in critically ill ICU patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.Journal of intensive care · 2020Review
- Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2020Review
- Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment improves intestinal permeability and modulates inflammatory response and homeostasis of spleen and colon in experimental model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2017Article
- Probiotics for Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Article
- Gut microbiome, surgical complications and probiotics.Annals of gastroenterology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preventing nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science for relevant studies. Two reviewers extracted data and reviewed the quality of the studies independently. The primary outcome was the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Study-level data were pooled using a random-effects model when I(2) was > 50% or a fixed-effects model when I(2) was < 50%.
resultsTwelve randomized controlled studies with a total of 1,546 patients were considered. Pooled analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in nosocomial pneumonia rates due to probiotics (odd ratio [OR]= 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.97, P = 0.03, I(2) = 46%). However, no statistically significant difference was found between groups regarding in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.74, P = 0.82, I(2) = 51%), intensive care unit mortality (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.29, P = 0.43, I(2) = 0%), duration of stay in the hospital (mean difference [MD] in days = -0.13, 95% CI -0.93 to 0.67, P = 0.75, I(2) = 46%), or duration of stay in the intensive care units (MD = -0.72, 95% CI -1.73 to 0.29, P = 0.16, I(2) = 68%).
conclusionsThe use of probiotics was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. However, large, well-designed, randomized, multi-center trials are needed to confirm any effects of probiotics clinical endpoints such as mortality and length of ICU and hospital stay.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.